Repetitive passive movement (RPM) is an intervention that alters brain activity and spinal cord function based on reciprocal inhibition enhancement. However, if joint motion is inhibited, RPM with effective kinetic parameters may not be available to the patient. Thus, for its clinical application, it is necessary to provide intervention in patients who are unable to perform real movements because of factors that inhibit joint movement. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of RPM without real movement on spinal excitability, using a visual kinaesthetic illusion. Participants included 17 healthy adults (10 men and 7 women). Measurements were acquired before the intervention (PRE), during, immediately thereafter (POST). Two intervention conditions were used: a control condition and an illusory condition. The analysis items were F waves, used to measure spinal cord excitability, their persistence and the F/M amplitude ratios obtained from surface electromyograms applied to the tibialis anterior (TA) and soleus (Sol) muscles. In the illusory condition, the F/M amplitude ratio of the TA significantly increased during the intervention (p < 0.05) and the F-wave persistence of the Sol significantly decreased from intervention to POST (p < 0.05). The present study suggests that through a visual kinaesthetic illusion, RPM without real movement could increase spinal excitability in the TA, whereas reciprocal inhibition may decrease spinal excitability in the Sol.