Objective To explore the incidence of pregnancy-related VTE in China and to assess the associations of maternal weight gain in different periods of pregnancy with VTE. Design Retrospective case-control study. Setting Shanghai, China Participants 151 cases (11.7 per 10000) of pregnancy-related venous thromboembolism (VTE) and 302 controls. Methods GWG was standardized into gestational age-specific z-scores stratified by body mass index (BMI) and categorized as low (< -1), normal (-1 to 1), and high (>1). The adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated through log-binomial regression models. Main outcome measures Pregnancy-related VTE Results There were 65.6% of pulmonary embolus (PE) and 34.4% of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) alone or combined with PE. Among normal-weight women, there was observed protective effects of low weight gain (aOR 0.79; 95% CI 0.37–1.68) and significantly increased risks of high weight gain (aOR=1.47; 95% CI: 1.03-2.09) for PE in early pregnancy. Similarly, a tendency towards decreased risk at lower weight gain throughout pregnancy (aOR 0.79; 95% CI 0.37–1.68) and significantly increased risk at higher values (aOR=1.52; 95% CI: 1.01-2.31) for PE was observed. As for underweight and overweight women, results from the categorical model for early, late or total pregnancy weight gain indicated an increased risk in PE at both low and high weight gain, but confidence intervals were wide. Conclusion Maternal weight gain in total or early pregnancy is an important risk factor for PE. Intensive weight management that continues through pregnancy may be indispensable to effectively improve pregnant outcomes.

Objective: To investigate reliable biomarkers for predicting histological chorioamnionitis (HCA). Design: In this retrospective study, PPROM mothers were treated with a course of dexamethasone. Blood tests for serum indictors were conducted continuously after first injection. Setting: One Shanghai hospital Population: PPROM mothers before 34 0/7 weeks of gestation Methods: Data were compared by General Linear Model analysis. The diagnostic accuracy in predicting HCA were evaluated with ROC curve. Main Outcome Measures: The response of infectious indictors to dexamethasone treatment; the diagnostic accuracy for CRP and PCT in predicting HCA. Results： We found 98 HCA women (62.42%) and 59 CON women (37.58%) in 157 PPROM mothers. WBC and neutrophil significantly increased 24 hours after the first injection in both groups, followed by a decrease at 72 hours post first injection (P<0.05). No significances were found between two groups in WBC, neutrophil and lymphocyte. Both CRP and PCT were significantly higher in the HCA group after first injection. PCT had both high specificity and sensitivity, especially at the baseline (cutoff, 0.031 ng/ml). Furthermore, the positive predictive values (PPV) of PCT were respectively 0.946 and 0.960 at 48 (cutoff, 0.049 ng/ml) and 72 (cutoff, 0.051 ng/ml) hours, which were better than the corresponding PPV of CRP. Conclusion: The response of WBC, neutrophil and lymphocyte to dexamethasone could be differentiated from uterine infection; PCT could be a reliable biomarker for early diagnosis of HCA. Funding: Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning (GWIV-26, 202040128); Pudong Commission of Health and Family Planning (PW2019D-13).