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Functional role of Geminivirus encoded proteins in the host: Past and Present
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  • Hira Kamal,
  • Muhammad Mubashar Zafar,
  • Abdul Razzaq,
  • Aqsa Parvaiz,
  • Sezai Ercisli,
  • Fei Qiao,
  • Xuefei Jiang
Hira Kamal
Washington State University
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Muhammad Mubashar Zafar
Hainan University
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Abdul Razzaq
The University of Lahore - Raiwind Road Campus

Corresponding Author:[email protected]

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Aqsa Parvaiz
The Women University Multan
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Sezai Ercisli
Ataturk Universitesi
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Fei Qiao
Hainan University
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Xuefei Jiang
Hainan University
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Abstract

During plant-pathogen interaction, plant exhibits a strong defense system utilizing diverse groups of proteins to suppress the infection and subsequent establishment of the pathogen. However, in response, pathogens trigger an anti-silencing mechanism to overcome the host defense machinery. Among plant viruses, geminiviruses are the second largest virus family with a worldwide distribution and continue to be production constraints to food, feed, and fiber crops. These viruses are spread by a diverse group of insects, predominantly by whiteflies, and are characterized by a single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) genome coding for four to eight proteins that facilitate viral infection. The most effective means to managing these viruses is through an integrated disease management strategy that includes virus-resistant cultivars, vector management, and cultural practices. Dynamic changes in this virus family enable the species to manipulate their genome organization to respond to external changes in the environment. Therefore, the evolutionary nature of geminiviruses leads to new and novel approaches for developing virus-resistant cultivars and it is essential to study molecular ecology and evolution of geminiviruses. This review summarizes the multifunctionality of each geminivirus-encoded protein. These protein-based interactions trigger the abrupt changes in the host methyl cycle and signaling pathways that turn over protein normal production and impair the plant antiviral defense system. Studying these geminivirus interactions localized at cytoplasm-nucleus could reveal a more clear picture of host-pathogen relation. Data collected from this antagonistic relationship among geminivirus, vector, and its host, will provide extensive knowledge on their virulence mode and diversity with climate change
20 Mar 20241st Revision Received
20 Mar 2024Submission Checks Completed
20 Mar 2024Assigned to Editor
20 Mar 2024Review(s) Completed, Editorial Evaluation Pending
20 Mar 2024Reviewer(s) Assigned