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Influenza vaccine effectiveness in Europe: Results from the 2022–23 VEBIS (Vaccine Effectiveness, Burden and Impact Studies) primary care multicentre study
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  • Marine Maurel,
  • Francisco Pozo,
  • Gloria Pérez-Gimeno,
  • Silke Buda,
  • Noémie Sève,
  • Beatrix Oroszi,
  • Mariette Hooiveld,
  • Verónica Gómez,
  • Lisa Domegan,
  • Iván Martínez-Baz,
  • Maja Ilić,
  • AnnaSara Carnahan,
  • Maria Elena Mihai,
  • Ana Martinez,
  • Luise Goerlitz,
  • Vincent ENOUF,
  • Judit Krisztina Horvath,
  • Frederika Dijkstra,
  • Ana Paula Rodrigues,
  • Charlene Bennett,
  • Camino Trobajo-Sanmartín,
  • Ivan Mlinarić,
  • Neus Latorre-Margalef,
  • Alina Ivanciuc,
  • Aurora Lopez,
  • Ralf Dürrwald,
  • Alessandra Falchi,
  • Gergő Túri,
  • Adam Meijer,
  • Aryse Melo,
  • Joan O'Donnell,
  • Jesus Castilla,
  • Vesna Višekruna Vučina,
  • Tove Samuelsson Hagey,
  • Mihaela Lazar,
  • Marlena Kaczmarek,
  • Sabrina Bacci,
  • Esther Kissling,
  • VEBIS study team
Marine Maurel
Epiconcept SAS

Corresponding Author:[email protected]

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Francisco Pozo
Carlos III Health Institute
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Gloria Pérez-Gimeno
Carlos III Health Institute
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Silke Buda
Robert Koch Institut
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Noémie Sève
iPLESP
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Beatrix Oroszi
Semmelweis University
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Mariette Hooiveld
Netherlands institute of health services research (NIVEL)
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Verónica Gómez
Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge
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Lisa Domegan
Health Service Executive-Health Protection Surveillance Centre
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Iván Martínez-Baz
Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra - IdiSNA - CIBERESP
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Maja Ilić
Croatian Institute of Public Health
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AnnaSara Carnahan
Public Health Agency of Sweden
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Maria Elena Mihai
"Cantacuzino” National Military Medical Institute for Research and Development
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Ana Martinez
Agencia de Salud Pública de Catalunya
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Luise Goerlitz
Robert Koch Institut
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Vincent ENOUF
Institut Pasteur
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Judit Krisztina Horvath
Semmelweis University
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Frederika Dijkstra
National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)
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Ana Paula Rodrigues
Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge
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Charlene Bennett
University College Dublin
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Camino Trobajo-Sanmartín
Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra
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Ivan Mlinarić
Croatian Institute of Public Health
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Neus Latorre-Margalef
Public Health Agency of Sweden
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Alina Ivanciuc
Cantacuzino Military-Medical Research-Development National Institute
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Aurora Lopez
Subdirección General de Epidemiologia y Vigilancia de la Salud
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Ralf Dürrwald
Robert Koch Institut
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Alessandra Falchi
Université de Corse-Inserm
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Gergő Túri
Semmelweis University
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Adam Meijer
National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)
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Aryse Melo
Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge
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Joan O'Donnell
Health Service Executive-Health Protection Surveillance Centre
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Jesus Castilla
Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra - IdiSNA - CIBERESP
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Vesna Višekruna Vučina
Croatian Institute of Public Health
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Tove Samuelsson Hagey
Public Health Agency of Sweden
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Mihaela Lazar
"Cantacuzino" National Military Medical Institute for Research and Development
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Marlena Kaczmarek
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
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Sabrina Bacci
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
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Esther Kissling
Epiconcept SAS
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VEBIS study team
Epiconcept SAS
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Abstract

Influenza A(H3N2) viruses dominated early in the 2022–23 influenza season in Europe, followed by higher circulation of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and B viruses. The VEBIS primary care network estimated the influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) using a multicentre test-negative study. Primary care practitioners collected information and specimens from patients consulting with acute respiratory infection. We measured VE against any influenza, influenza (sub)type and clade, by age group, by influenza vaccine target group and by time since vaccination, using logistic regression. We included 38,058 patients, of which 3,786 were influenza A(H3N2), 1,548 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and 3,275 influenza B cases. Against influenza A(H3N2), VE was 36% (95%CI: 25–45) among all ages, ranged between 30% and 52% by age group and target group. VE against influenza A(H3N2) clade 2b was 38% (95% CI: 25–49). Overall, VE against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 was 46% (95%CI: 35–56) and ranged between 29% and 59% by age group and target group. VE against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 clade 5a.2a was 56% (95% CI: 46–65) and 79% (95% CI: 64–88) against clade 5a.2a.1. VE against influenza B was 76% (95%CI: 70–81), overall; 84%, 72% and 71% among 0–14-year-olds 15–64-year-olds and those in the influenza vaccination target group, respectively. VE against influenza B with a position 197-mutation of the hemagglutinin (HA) gene was 79% (95% CI: 73–85) and 90% (95% CI: 85–94) without this mutation. The 2022–23 end-of-season results from the VEBIS network at primary care level showed high VE among children and against influenza B, with lower VE against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2).
05 Oct 2023Submitted to Influenza and other respiratory viruses
10 Oct 2023Submission Checks Completed
10 Oct 2023Assigned to Editor
28 Oct 2023Reviewer(s) Assigned
12 Nov 2023Review(s) Completed, Editorial Evaluation Pending
14 Nov 2023Editorial Decision: Revise Minor