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The Promising Therapeutic Effects of Pomegranate (Punica granatum) on Gastric Ulcers: A Comprehensive Review on Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory Properties and Molecular Mechanisms
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  • Mohammad Yasin Zamanian,
  • Ahmad Jahdari,
  • yasir Qasim almajidi,
  • Zhanna Gardanova,
  • Ahmed Hjazi,
  • Furqan M. Abdulelah,
  • Sarmad Dheyaa Noori,
  • Munther Abosaooda,
  • Fattaneh Khalaj,
  • Maryam Golmohammadi,
  • Niloofar Taheri
Mohammad Yasin Zamanian
Hamadan University of Medical Sciences Medical School

Corresponding Author:[email protected]

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Ahmad Jahdari
Hamadan University of Medical Sciences
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yasir Qasim almajidi
Baghdad College of Medical Sciences
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Zhanna Gardanova
Ernst & Young Russia
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Ahmed Hjazi
Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University College of Applied Medical Sciences
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Furqan M. Abdulelah
Al-Bayan University
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Sarmad Dheyaa Noori
Al-Ayen University
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Munther Abosaooda
Islamic University
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Fattaneh Khalaj
Shariati Hospital
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Maryam Golmohammadi
Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences School of Medicine
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Niloofar Taheri
Shahroud University of Medical Sciences and Health Services
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Abstract

Peptic ulcer disease is a common gastrointestinal disorder. The current treatment for gastric ulcers (GUs) is pharmacological interventions including antacids, mucosal defensive agents, H2-receptor blockers, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) as well as antibiotics targeting H. pylori infections. Additionally, there has been an increasing focus on the application of natural treatments, such as pomegranate extracts, which have significant potential in the prevention and management of GUs. The therapeutic effects of pomegranate (Punica granatum) on GUs include its ability to inhibit ulcer formation, reduce gastric acidity, and promote the healing of gastric mucosal lesions. This is attributed to the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties of the active constituents in pomegranate such as polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins, and anthocyanins. The results of this study showed that pomegranate extracts could significantly suppress gastric ulceration, reduce tissue lipid peroxidation, and enhance the levels of antioxidative enzymes. Pomegranate exerts its anti-inflammatory effects through the suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokine synthesis, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Additionally, pomegranate extracts increase the production of gastric mucosal protective factors such as PGE2 and NO, and have antimicrobial activity against H. pylori. Overall, while pomegranate showed promise as a natural remedy for the prevention and management of GUs, further research is needed to optimize its therapeutic efficacy.