Abstract
Key points: • In-house manufacturing of the cost-effective 3D-printed
model for temporal bone training is feasible using inexpensive Material
Extrusion 3D-printing technology. • 3D-printing temporal bone models
requires commitment, knowhow and time as post-processing and 3D-printer
maintenance are required. • The printing material (i.e., filament)
should contain a high load of chalk or ceramic filler to avoid
agglomerating and melting during drilling. However, this makes the
filament fragile and prone to breaking during printing. • To avoid the
filament from breaking and reducing the need for maintenance, we
recommend installing a direct filament drive and using a Ruby nozzle.