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Cloud-Radiation Interactions and their Contributions to Convective Self-Aggregation
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  • Kieran Nicholas Pope,
  • Christopher E Holloway,
  • Thorwald Hendrik Matthias Stein,
  • Todd Russell Jones
Kieran Nicholas Pope
University of Reading

Corresponding Author:[email protected]

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Christopher E Holloway
University of Reading, UK
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Thorwald Hendrik Matthias Stein
University of Reading
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Todd Russell Jones
University of Reading
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Abstract

This study investigates the direct radiative-convective processes that drive and maintain aggregation within convection permitting elongated channel (and smaller square) simulations of the UK Met Office Unified Model (UM). Our simulations are configured using three fixed sea surface temperatures (SSTs) following the radiative-convective equilibrium model intercomparison project (RCEMIP) protocol. By defining cloud types based on the vertical distribution of condensed water, we study the importance of radiative interactions with each cloud type to aggregation. We eliminate the dependence of the vertically-integrated frozen moist static energy (FMSE) variance budget framework on SST by normalizing FMSE between theoretical upper and lower limits based on SST. The elongated channel simulations reach similar degrees of aggregation across SSTs, despite the contributions of normalized shortwave and longwave interactions decreasing with SST. High-cloud longwave interactions are the main drivers and maintainers of aggregation. Their influence decreases with SST as high clouds become less abundant. This SST-dependence is consistent with changes in grid spacing and RHcrit, however the magnitude of high-cloud longwave interactions is likely reduced as grid spacing and RHcrit are reduced. Both factors tend to decrease condensed water path and cloud top height, decreasing the anomalous longwave heating rates of these clouds. Shortwave interactions with water vapor are key maintainers of aggregation and are dependent on SST and the degree of aggregation itself. The analysis method used provides a new framework to compare the effects of radiative-convective processes on self-aggregation across different SSTs and model configurations in order to improve our understanding of self-aggregation.