Investigations on the Andean orocline revealed that it is characterized to the north by counterclockwise rotation of about 37° and, to the south, due to an clockwise rotation of about 29°. This rotation would have begun in the Upper Eocene as a consequence of the convergence of the Nazca and South American plates. In the transition zone between the Puna and the Sierras Pampeanas show a pattern of clockwise rotations. Our paper shows that the NE convergence of the plates generated the counterclockwise rotation of the NW end of the Sierras Pampeanas. The counterclockwise rotation of the mountain blocks of approximately 20° would have occurred on a horizontal plane within 10 to 15 km of depth favored by the caloric rise during magmatic activity at 13 Ma. The rotations of this set of mountain ranges generated local stress tensors with NE and NW strike that conditioned the development of valleys, basins, mineralized dikes, mineral deposits and disassociated alluvial fans from their origins. The Atajo fault had a ductile and brittle behavior. Its reverse vertical component disposes a mylonitic belt of the Sierra de Aconquija on the rocks of the Ovejería Block and the Farallón Negro Volcanic Complex and, its dextral horizontal component, developed curvatures that gave rise to pull apart basins and positive zones. It is probable that towards the Lower Miocene the Santa María valley, the Campo del Arenal, the Hualfín valley and the Pipanaco salt flat formed a large basin, barely interrupted by hills of very little relief.