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\begin{document}

\title{Digest: Aneuploidy can cause chromosomal instability in human cells}



\author[1]{Josh Nicholson}%
\affil[1]{Authorea}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{June 16, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
This is a Digest of~\citep{Nicholson_2015}.%
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The DNA in a human cell is divided between forty-six structures called
chromosomes. Before a cell divides, it copies every chromosome so that
each daughter cell will have the same DNA as the parent cell. These
chromosomes align in the center of the cell and then the matching
chromosomes are separated and pulled to opposite ends.

However, in some cases the separation process does not work properly,
which can produce cells that either have too many, or too few,
chromosomes. Abnormal numbers of chromosomes within cells---called
aneuploidy---is a leading cause of miscarriage and birth defects in
humans. Aneuploidy is also a common feature of cancer cells.

It is common for the chromosomes in cancer cells to be distributed
unequally when the cell divides. This phenomenon is known as chromosomal
instability, but the link between aneuploidy and chromosomal instability
in cancer cells is not fully understood.

Here, Nicholson et al. used live-cell imaging techniques to analyze
healthy human cells and cancer cells that had either the normal
forty-six chromosomes, or a defined extra chromosome. Nicholson et al.
found that when the cells divided, the chromosomes in the cells that had
an extra copy of chromosome 7 or 13 were more prone to distributing
chromosomes unequally, compared to cells with a normal number of
chromosomes.

Nicholson et al. also observed that the cells with an extra chromosome
13 were unable to properly divide into two. These cells had increased
levels of a protein called Spartin---which is important for the last
stage in cell division---and this was responsible for the failure to
produce two daughter cells.

These findings show that aneuploidy can cause chromosomal instability in
human cells. Furthermore, Nicholson et al. have identified a defect in
cell division that is specifically caused by the presence of an extra
chromosome 13 in human cells. A future challenge will be to determine
how, and to what extent, different chromosomes can affect chromosome
stability. This could be useful in the development of therapies against
cancer cells with aneuploidy.

\par\null

\emph{This Digest was originally published at eLife \cite{1}.
It is reproduced here under a CC0 1.0 universal license.}

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