References
Anjos, D., Dáttilo, W., & Del-Claro, K. (2018). Unmasking the
architecture of ant-diaspore networks in the Brazilian Savanna.PLoS One , 13(8), e0201117.
Antoniazzi, R., García‐Franco, J., Janda, M., Leponce, M., & Dáttilo,
W. (2020). Diurnal foraging ant–tree co‐occurrence networks are similar
between canopy and understorey in a Neotropical rain forest.Biotropica , 52(4), 717-729.
Arruda, A. J., Costa, F. V., Guerra, T. J., Junqueira, P. A., Dayrell,
R. L., Messeder, J. V., … & Silveira, F. A. (2020). Topsoil
disturbance reshapes diaspore interactions with ground‐foraging animals
in a megadiverse grassland. Journal of Vegetation Science , 31(6),
1039-1052.
Bascompte, J., Jordano, P., Melián, C. J., & Olesen, J. M. (2003). The
nested assembly of plant–animal mutualistic networks. Proceedings
of the National Academy of Sciences , 100(16), 9383-9387.
Beattie, A. J., Culver, D. C., & Pudlo, R. J. (1979). Interactions
between ants and the diaspores of some common spring flowering herbs in
West Virginia. Castanea , 177-186.
Blüthgen, N., Verhaagh, M., Goitía, W., & Blüthgen, N. (2000). Ant
nests in tank bromeliads—an example of non-specific interaction.Insectes sociaux , 47, 313-316.
Blüthgen, N., E. Stork, N., & Fiedler, K. (2004). Bottom‐up control and
co‐occurrence in complex communities: honeydew and nectar determine a
rainforest ant mosaic. Oikos , 106(2), 344-358.
Blüthgen, N., Menzel, F., & Blüthgen, N. (2006). Measuring
specialization in species interaction networks. BMC Ecology ,
6(1), 1-12.
Blüthgen, N., Menzel, F., Hovestadt, T., Fiala, B., & Blüthgen, N.
(2007). Specialization, constraints, and conflicting interests in
mutualistic networks. Current Biology , 17 (4), 341-346.
Blüthgen, N, Fründ, J, Vázquez, DP & Menzel, F (2008) What do
interaction network metrics tell us about specialization & biological
traits? Ecology , 89, 3387-99.
Brown, J. H. (2014). Why are there so many species in the tropics?.Journal of Biogeography , 41(1), 8-22.
Burkle, L. A., & Alarcón, R. (2011). The future of plant–pollinator
diversity: understanding interaction networks across time, space, and
global change. American journal of botany , 98(3), 528-538.
Cagnolo, L., & Tavella, J. (2015). The network structure of
myrmecophilic interactions. Ecological Entomology , 40(5),
553-561.
Chamberlain, S. A., Kilpatrick, J. R., & Holland, J. N. (2010). Do
extrafloral nectar resources, species abundances, and body sizes
contribute to the structure of ant–plant mutualistic networks?.Oecologia , 164, 741-750.
Christianini, A. V., Mayhé‐Nunes, A. J., & Oliveira, P. S. (2012).
Exploitation of fallen diaspores by ants: are there ant–plant partner
choices?. Biotropica , 44(3), 360-367.
Corro, E. J., Ahuatzin, D. A., Jaimes, A. A., Favila, M. E., Ribeiro, M.
C., López-Acosta, J. C., & Dáttilo, W. (2019). Forest cover and
landscape heterogeneity shape ant–plant foraging networks in
human-dominated tropical rainforests. Landscape Ecology , 34,
93-104.
Da Silva Laviski, B. F., Mayhé-Nunes, A. J., & Nunes-Freitas, A. F.
(2021). Structure of ant-diaspore networks and their functional outcomes
in a Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Sociobiology , 68(3), e7104-e7104.
Davidson, D. W., Snelling, R. R., & Longino, J. T. (1989). Competition
among ants for myrmecophytes and the significance of plant trichomes.Biotropica , 21(1), 64-73.
Davidson, D. W., Fisher, B. L. (1991). Symbiosis of ants with Cecropia
as a function of light regime. Ant-plant interactions , 289-309.
Dejean, A., Azémar, F., Petitclerc, F., Delabie, J. H., Corbara, B.,
Leroy, C., … & Compin, A. (2018). Highly modular pattern in ant-plant
interactions involving specialized and non-specialized myrmecophytes.The Science of Nature , 105, 1-8.
Dejean, A., McKey, D., Gibernau, M., & Belin-Depoux, M. (2000). The
arboreal ant mosaic in a Cameroonian
rainforest. Sociobiology, 35, 403-423.
Dejean, A., & Gibernau, M. (2000). A rainforest ant mosaic: the edge
effect (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Sociobiology , 35(3), 385-402.
Dejean, A., Olmsted, I., & Snelling, R. R. (1995). Tree-epiphyte-ant
relationships in the low inundated forest of Sian Ka’an Biosphere
Reserve, Quintana Roo, Mexico. Biotropica , 57-70.
Dejean, A., Akoa, A., Djieto-Lordon, C., & Lenoir, A. (1994). Mosaic
ant territories in an African secondary rain forest (Hymenoptera:
Formicidae). Sociobiology , 23(3).
Díaz-Castelazo, C., Martínez-Adriano, C. A., Dáttilo, W., & Rico-Gray,
V. (2020). Relative contribution of ecological and biological attributes
in the fine-grain structure of ant-plant networks. PeerJ, 8,
e8314.
Dormann, C. F., Gruber, B., & Fründ, J. (2008). Introducing the
bipartite package: analysing ecological networks. R News 8, 8–11
Dormann, C. F., Fründ, J., Blüthgen, N., & Gruber, B. (2009). Indices,
graphs and null models: analyzing bipartite ecological networks.The Open Ecology Journal , 2(1), 7-24.
Dáttilo, W., Izzo, T. J., Vasconcelos, H. L., & Rico-Gray, V. (2013).
Strength of the modular pattern in Amazonian symbiotic ant–plant
networks. Arthropod-Plant Interactions , 7, 455-461.
Dáttilo, W., Díaz-Castelazo, C., & Rico-Gray, V. (2014). Ant dominance
hierarchy determines the nested pattern in ant–plant networks.Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , 113(2), 405-414.
Dáttilo, W., & Dyer, L. (2014). Canopy openness enhances diversity of
ant–plant interactions in the Brazilian Amazon rain forest.Biotropica , 46(6), 712-719.
Dáttilo, W., & Vasconcelos, H. L. (2019). Macroecological patterns and
correlates of ant–tree interaction networks in Neotropical savannas.Global Ecology and Biogeography , 28(9), 1283-1294.
Emer, C., Venticinque, E. M., & Fonseca, C. R. (2013). Effects of
dam‐induced landscape fragmentation on Amazonian ant–plant mutualistic
networks. Conservation Biology , 27(4), 763-773.
Falcão, J. C., Dáttilo, W., & Izzo, T. J. (2015). Efficiency of
different planted forests in recovering biodiversity and ecological
interactions in Brazilian Amazon. Forest Ecology and Management ,
339, 105-111.
Fayle T.M., Wanji, C, Turner E.C. & Yusah K.M. (2017) Living
together in novel habitats: A review of land-use change impacts on
mutualistic ant-plant symbioses in tropical forests . Chapter 3, pp
52-72. In Ant-Plant Interactions: Impacts of Humans on Terrestrial
Ecosystems . Ed. Oliveira, P.S. & Koptur S. Cambridge University Press.
Fiala, B., Jakob, A., Maschwitz, U., & Linsenmair, K. E. (1999).
Diversity, evolutionary specialization and geographic distribution of a
mutualistic ant-plant complex: Macaranga and Crematogaster in Southeast
Asia. Biological journal of the Linnean Society , 66(3), 305-331.
Fonseca, C. R., & Ganade, G. (1996). Asymmetries, compartments and null
interactions in an Amazonian ant-plant community. Journal of
Animal Ecology , 65(3), 339-347.
Forister, M. L., Dyer, L. A., Singer, M. S., Stireman III, J. O., &
Lill, J. T. (2012). Revisiting the evolution of ecological
specialization, with emphasis on insect–plant interactions.Ecology , 93(5), 981-991.
Franco, A. M., Hill, J. K., Kitschke, C., Collingham, Y. C., Roy, D. B.,
Fox, R. I. C. H. A. R. D., … & Thomas, C. D. (2006). Impacts of
climate warming and habitat loss on extinctions at species’ low‐latitude
range boundaries. Global Change Biology , 12 (8), 1545-1553.
Futuyma, D. J., & Moreno, G. (1988). The evolution of ecological
specialization. Annual review of Ecology and Systematics , 19(1),
207-233.
Gómez, C., & Oliveras, J. (2003). Can the Argentine ant
(Linepithema humile Mayr) replace native ants in myrmecochory?.Acta Oecologica , 24(1), 47-53.
Gorostiague, P., Ollerton, J., & Ortega‐Baes, P. (2023). Latitudinal
gradients in biotic interactions: Are cacti pollination systems more
specialized in the tropics?. Plant Biology , 25(1), 187-197.
González-Teuber, M., & Heil, M. (2015). Comparative anatomy and
physiology of myrmecophytes: ecological and evolutionary perspectives.Research and Reports in Biodiversity Studies , 4, 21-32.
Guimarães, P. R., Rico-Gray, V., Oliveira, P. S., Izzo, T. J., dos Reis,
S. F., & Thompson, J. N. (2007). Interaction intimacy affects structure
and coevolutionary dynamics in mutualistic networks. Current
Biology , 17(20), 1797-1803.
Heil, M., & McKey, D. (2003). Protective ant-plant interactions as
model systems in ecological and evolutionary research. Annual
Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics , 34(1), 425-553.
Heil, M., Barajas-Barron, A., Orona-Tamayo, D., Wielsch, N., & Svatos,
A. (2014) Partner manipulation stabilises a horizontally transmitted
mutualism. Ecology Letters , 17(2), 185–192.
Heil, M. (2015). Extrafloral nectar at the plant-insect interface: a
spotlight on chemical ecology, phenotypic plasticity, and food webs.Annual review of entomology , 60, 213-232.
Houadria M.Y.I., Barone G., Fayle T.M., Schmidt T., Konik P., &
Feldhaar H. (2023) An experimental, behavioral, and chemical analysis of
food limitations in mutualistic Crematogaster ant symbionts
inhabiting Macaranga host plants. Ecology and Evolution13: e9760
Jorge, L. R., Prado, P. I., Almeida‐Neto, M., & Lewinsohn, T. M.
(2014). An integrated framework to improve the concept of resource
specialization. Ecology Letters , 17(11), 1341-1350.
Jorge, L. R., Novotny, V., Segar, S. T., Weiblen, G. D., Miller, S. E.,
Basset, Y., & Lewinsohn, T. M. (2017). Phylogenetic trophic
specialization: a robust comparison of herbivorous guilds.Oecologia , 185(4), 551-559.
Juárez-Juárez, B., Cuautle, M., Castillo-Guevara, C., López-Vázquez, K.,
Gómez-Ortigoza, M., Gómez-Lazaga, M., … & Reyes, M. (2020). Neither
ant dominance nor abundance explain ant-plant network structure in
Mexican temperate forests. PeerJ , 8, e10435.
Junker, R. R., Daehler, C. C., Dötterl, S., Keller, A., & Blüthgen, N.
(2011). Hawaiian ant–flower networks: nectar‐thieving ants prefer
undefended native over introduced plants with floral defenses.Ecological Monographs , 81(2), 295-311.
Katoh, K., & Standley, D.M. (2013). MAFFT multiple sequence alignment
software version 7: improvements in performance and usability.Molecular Biology and Evolution , 30(4), 772-780.
Kaufmann, E. (2002). Southeast Asian ant gardens: diversity, ecology,
ecosystematic significance, and evolution of mutualistic ant epiphyte
associations - Doctoral dissertation, Universität Frankfurt am Main,
Germany.
Klimes, P. (2017). Diversity and specificity of ant-plant interactions
in canopy communities: insights from primary and secondary tropical
forests in New Guinea. Ant-Plant Interactions–Impacts of Humans onTerrestrial Ecosystems , 26-51.
Lara, C., Martinez‐Bolaños, E., López‐Vázquez, K., Díaz‐Castelazo, C.,
Castillo‐Guevara, C., & Cuautle, M. (2020). Effect of agricultural
land‐use change on the structure of a temperate forest ant–plant
interaction network. Entomological Science , 23(2), 128-141.
Leal, L. C., Neto, M. C. L., de Oliveira, A. F. M., Andersen, A. N., &
Leal, I. R. (2014). Myrmecochores can target high-quality disperser
ants: variation in elaiosome traits and ant preferences for
myrmecochorous Euphorbiaceae in Brazilian Caatinga. Oecologia ,
174, 493-500.
Leal, I. R., & Oliveira, P. S. (1998). Interactions between
Fungus‐Growing Ants (Attini), Fruits and Seeds in Cerrado Vegetation in
Southeast Brazil 1. Biotropica , 30(2), 170-178.
Levine, N., Ben-Zvi, G., Seifan, M., & Giladi, I. (2019). Investment in
reward by ant-dispersed plants consistently selects for better partners
along a geographic gradient. AoB Plants , 11(3), plz027.
Luna, P., Villalobos, F., Escobar, F., Neves, F. S., & Dáttilo, W.
(2022). Global trends in the trophic specialization of flower‐visitor
networks are explained by current and historical climate. Ecology
Letters , 25(1), 113-124.
Macfadyen, S., Gibson, R. H., Symondson, W. O., & Memmott, J. (2011).
Landscape structure influences modularity patterns in farm food webs:
consequences for pest control. Ecological Applications , 21(2),
516-524.
Mayer, V. E., Frederickson, M. E., McKey, D., & Blatrix, R. (2014).
Current issues in the evolutionary ecology of ant–plant symbioses.New Phytologist , 202(3), 749-764.
Memmott, J., Craze, P. G., Waser, N. M., & Price, M. V. (2007). Global
warming and the disruption of plant–pollinator interactions.Ecology letters , 10(8), 710-717.
Moi, D.A., Lansac-Tôha, F.M., Romero, G.Q., Sobral-Souza, T., Cardinale,
B.J., Kratina, P., Perkins, D.M., Teixeira de Mello, F., Jeppesen, E.,
Heino, J. and Lansac-Tôha, F.A., 2022. Human pressure drives
biodiversity–multifunctionality relationships in large Neotropical
wetlands. Nature ecology & evolution , 6(9), pp.1279-1289.
Morton, D. N., Keyes, A., Barner, A. K., & Dee, L. E. (2022). Merging
theory and experiments to predict and understand coextinctions.Trends in Ecology & Evolution , 3(10), 886-898.
Nash, L.N., Zorzetti, L.W., Antiqueira, P.A., Carbone, C., Romero, G.Q.
and Kratina, P., 2023. Latitudinal patterns of aquatic insect emergence
driven by climate. Global Ecology and Biogeography .
Ness, J., Mooney, K., & Lach, L. (2010). Ants as mutualists.Ant Ecology . Oxford press: pp 97-114.
O’Dea, R. E., Lagisz, M., Jennions, M. D., Koricheva, J., Noble, D. W.,
Parker, T. H., … & Nakagawa, S. (2021). Preferred reporting items for
systematic reviews and meta‐analyses in ecology and evolutionary
biology: a PRISMA extension. Biological Reviews , 96(5),
1695-1722.
Marazzi, B., Bronstein, J. L., & Koptur, S. (2013). The diversity,
ecology and evolution of extrafloral nectaries: current perspectives and
future challenges. Annals of botany , 111(6), 1243-1250.
Miranda, P. N., da Silva Ribeiro, J. E. L., Luna, P., Brasil, I.,
Delabie, J. H. C., & Dáttilo, W. (2019). The dilemma of binary or
weighted data in interaction networks. Ecological Complexity , 38,
1-10.
Mottl, O., Yombai, J., Novotný, V., Leponce, M., Weiblen, G. D., &
Klimeš, P. (2021). Inter‐specific aggression generates ant mosaics in
canopies of primary tropical rainforest. Oikos , 130(7),
1087-1099.
Mottl, O., Plowman, N. S., Novotny, V., Gewa, B., Rimandai, M., &
Klimes, P. (2019). Secondary succession has surprisingly low impact on
arboreal ant communities in tropical montane rainforest.Ecosphere , 10(8), e02848.
Moraes, S. C., & Vasconcelos, H. L. (2009). Long‐term persistence of a
Neotropical ant‐plant population in the absence of obligate plant‐ants.Ecology , 90(9), 2375-2383.
Moreau, C. S., Bell, C. D., Vila, R., Archibald, S. B., & Pierce, N. E.
(2006). Phylogeny of the ants: diversification in the age of
angiosperms. Science , 312(5770), 101-104.
Newbold, T., Hudson, L. N., Hill, S. L., Contu, S., Lysenko, I., Senior,
R. A., … & Purvis, A. (2015). Global effects of land use on local
terrestrial biodiversity. Nature , 520(7545), 45-50.
Olesen, J. M., & Jordano, P. (2002). Geographic patterns in
plant–pollinator mutualistic networks. Ecology , 83(9),
2416-2424.
Oliveira, F. M., Andersen, A. N., Arnan, X., Ribeiro‐Neto, J. D.,
Arcoverde, G. B., & Leal, I. R. (2019). Effects of increasing aridity
and chronic anthropogenic disturbance on seed dispersal by ants in
Brazilian Caatinga. Journal of Animal Ecology , 88(6), 870-880.
Passmore, H. A., Bruna, E. M., Heredia, S. M., & Vasconcelos, H. L.
(2012). Resilient networks of ant-plant mutualists in Amazonian Forest
fragments, PloS one , 7(8), e40803.
Pellissier, L., Albouy, C., Bascompte, J., Farwig, N., Graham, C.,
Loreau, M., … & Gravel, D. (2018). Comparing species interaction
networks along environmental gradients. Biological Reviews ,
93(2), 785-800.
Pires, M. M., & Guimaraes Jr, P. R. (2013). Interaction intimacy
organizes networks of antagonistic interactions in different ways.Journal of the Royal Society Interface , 10(78), 20120649.
Pizo, M. A., & Oliveira, P. S. (2001). Size and lipid content of
nonmyrmecochorous diaspores: effects on the interaction with
litter-foraging ants in the Atlantic rain forest of Brazil. Plant
Ecology , 157, 37-52.
Plowman, N. S., Hood, A. S., Moses, J., Redmond, C., Novotny, V.,
Klimes, P., & Fayle, T. M. (2017). Network reorganization and breakdown
of an ant–plant protection mutualism with elevation. Proceedings
of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences , 284(1850), 20162564.
Rasmann, S. & Agrawal, A.A. (2011). Evolution of specialization: a
phylogenetic study of host range in the red milkweed beetle
(Tetraopes tetraophthalmus ). The American Naturalist. ,
177, 728–737.
Rico-Gray., V & Oliveira, P. (2007). The ecology and evolution of
ant–plant interactions . University of Chicago Press: Chicago.
Romero, G.Q., Marino, N.A., MacDonald, A.A.M., Céréghino, R., Trzcinski,
M.K., Mercado, D.A., Leroy, C., Corbara, B., Farjalla, V.F., Barberis,
I.M. and Dézerald, O., 2020. Extreme rainfall events alter the trophic
structure in bromeliad tanks across the Neotropics. Nature
communications , 11(1), p.3215.
Segar, S. T., Fayle, T. M., Srivastava, D. S., Lewinsohn, T. M., Lewis,
O. T., Novotny, V., … & Maunsell, S. C. (2020). The role of evolution
in shaping ecological networks. Trends in Ecology & Evolution ,
35(5), 454-466.
Schemske, D. W. (1982). Ecological correlates of a neotropical
mutualism: ant assemblages at Costus extrafloral nectaries.Ecology , 63(4), 932-941.
Schleuning, M., Fründ, J., Klein, A. M., Abrahamczyk, S., Alarcón, R.,
Albrecht, M., … & Blüthgen, N. (2012). Specialization of mutualistic
interaction networks decreases toward tropical latitudes. Current
Biology , 22(20), 1925-1931.
Staab, M., Fornoff, F., Klein, A. M., & Blüthgen, N. (2017). Ants at
plant wounds: a little-known trophic interaction with evolutionary
implications for ant-plant interactions. The American Naturalist ,
190(3), 442-450.
Staab, M., Methorst, J., Peters, J., Blüthgen, N., & Klein, A. M.
(2017). Tree diversity and nectar composition affect arthropod visitors
on extrafloral nectaries in a diversity experiment. Journal of
Plant Ecology , 10(1), 201-212.
Stamatakis A. (2014). RAxML version 8: a tool for phylogenetic analysis
and post-analysis of large phylogenies. Bioinformatics 30(9),
1312-1313.
Sugiura, S. (2010). Species interactions–area relationships: biological
invasions and network structure in relation to island area.Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences ,
277(1689), 1807-1815.
Tavella, Julia. (2018). Disturbios ambientales como moduladores de la
estructura espacial y la topología de redes de interacciones
mirmecófilas – PhD Thesis, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Brazil.
Treseder, K. K., Davidson, D. W., & Ehleringer, J. R. (1995).
Absorption of ant-provided carbon dioxide and nitrogen by a tropical
epiphyte. Nature , 375(6527), 137-139.
Ulrich, W., Almeida‐Neto, M., & Gotelli, N. J. (2009). A consumer’s
guide to nestedness analysis. Oikos , 118(1), 3-17.
Wagner, D., & Kay, A. (2002). Do extrafloral nectaries distract ants
from visiting flowers? An experimental test of an overlooked hypothesis.Evolutionary Ecology Research , 4(2), 293-305.
Wang, B., Ma, L. B., Pan, B., Dong, Y., Huang, J. F., & Peng, Y. Q.
(2022). Spatial variation in ant–tree bipartite networks is driven by a
bottom‐up process. Ecological Entomology , 47(6), 1011-1021.
Wilder, S. M., & Eubanks, M. D. (2010). Extrafloral nectar content
alters foraging preferences of a predatory ant. Biology letters ,
6(2), 177-179.
Xing, S., & Fayle, T. M. (2021). The rise of ecological network
meta-analyses: problems and prospects. Global Ecology and
Conservation , 30, e01805.
Zhu, Y., Wang, D., & Codella, S. G. (2017). Seed re-dispersal of four
myrmecochorous plants by a keystone ant in central China.Ecological research , 32, 387-393.