\documentclass[10pt]{article}

\usepackage{fullpage}
\usepackage{setspace}
\usepackage{parskip}
\usepackage{titlesec}
\usepackage[section]{placeins}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{breakcites}
\usepackage{lineno}
\usepackage{hyphenat}





\PassOptionsToPackage{hyphens}{url}
\usepackage[colorlinks = true,
            linkcolor = blue,
            urlcolor  = blue,
            citecolor = blue,
            anchorcolor = blue]{hyperref}
\usepackage{etoolbox}
\makeatletter
\patchcmd\@combinedblfloats{\box\@outputbox}{\unvbox\@outputbox}{}{%
  \errmessage{\noexpand\@combinedblfloats could not be patched}%
}%
\makeatother


\usepackage{natbib}




\renewenvironment{abstract}
  {{\bfseries\noindent{\abstractname}\par\nobreak}\footnotesize}
  {\bigskip}

\titlespacing{\section}{0pt}{*3}{*1}
\titlespacing{\subsection}{0pt}{*2}{*0.5}
\titlespacing{\subsubsection}{0pt}{*1.5}{0pt}


\usepackage{authblk}


\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage[space]{grffile}
\usepackage{latexsym}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\usepackage{longtable}
\usepackage{tabulary}
\usepackage{booktabs,array,multirow}
\usepackage{amsfonts,amsmath,amssymb}
\providecommand\citet{\cite}
\providecommand\citep{\cite}
\providecommand\citealt{\cite}
% You can conditionalize code for latexml or normal latex using this.
\newif\iflatexml\latexmlfalse
\providecommand{\tightlist}{\setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}\setlength{\parskip}{0pt}}%

\AtBeginDocument{\DeclareGraphicsExtensions{.pdf,.PDF,.eps,.EPS,.png,.PNG,.tif,.TIF,.jpg,.JPG,.jpeg,.JPEG}}

\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[english]{babel}



\usepackage{float}








\begin{document}

\title{How Phase Transitions Impact Changes in Mantle Convection Style
Throughout Earth's History: From Stalled Plumes to Surface Dynamics}



\author[1]{Ranpeng Li}%
\author[1]{Juliane Dannberg}%
\author[1]{Rene Gassmoeller}%
\author[2]{Carolina Lithgow-Bertelloni}%
\author[3]{Lars Stixrude}%
\affil[1]{University of Florida}%
\affil[2]{UCLA}%
\affil[3]{University of California Los Angeles}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{June 18, 2024}


\begingroup
\let\center\flushleft
\let\endcenter\endflushleft
\maketitle
\endgroup





\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{abstract}
Mineral phase transitions can either hinder or accelerate mantle flow.
In the present day, the formation of the bridgmanite + ferropericlase
assemblage from ringwoodite at 660 km depth has been found to cause weak
and intermittent layering of mantle convection. However, for the higher
temperatures in Earth's past, different phase transitions could have
controlled mantle dynamics. We investigate the potential changes in
convection style during Earth's secular cooling using a new numerical
technique that reformulates the energy conservation equation in terms of
specific entropy instead of temperature. This approach enables us to
accurately include the latent heat effect of phase transitions for
mantle temperatures different from the average geotherm, and therefore
fully incorporate the thermodynamic effects of realistic phase
transitions in global-scale mantle convection modeling. We set up 2-D
models with the geodynamics software ASPECT, using thermodynamic
properties computed by HeFESTo, while applying a viscosity profile
constrained by the geoid and mineral physics data and a visco-plastic
rheology to reproduce self-consistent plate tectonics and Earth-like
subduction morphologies. Our model results reveal the layering of plumes
induced by the wadsleyite to garnet (majorite) + ferropericlase
endothermic transition (between 420--600 km depth and over the
2000--2500 K temperature range). They show that this phase transition
causes a large-scale and long-lasting temperature elevation in a depth
range of 500--650 km depth if the potential temperature is higher than
1800 K, indicating that mantle convection may have been partially
layered in Earth's early history.%
\end{abstract}%



\sloppy




\selectlanguage{english}
\FloatBarrier
\end{document}

