Figure 3. Vocal activity of focal species in Singapore throughout the seasons: (a) Little Spiderhunter, (b) Drongo-cuckoo, (c) Rufous-tailed Tailorbird, (d) Pin-striped Tit-babbler, (e) Short-tailed Babbler, (f) Black-naped Oriole, (g) Lineated Barbet, (h) Straw-headed Bulbul, and (i) Asian Koel. Sub-panels: (i) spectrogram of the focal species’ main vocalization, i.e., the specific motif detected by the species classifier; (ii) radar plot, lines indicate number of vocally active hours per month, direction and magnitude of arrows indicate the directionality 𝜃 and signal strength R of year 1 (red) and year 2 (black) respectively. Year 1 extends from June 2020-May 2021. Year 2 extends from June 2021-May 2022; (iii) hourly vocalizations detected with Kaleidoscope Pro using single species classifier, manually verified to remove false positives. White space indicates missing data. Each pixel represents one hour, the color of the pixel is the number of times the focal species’ vocalization was accurately detected during that hour on a logarithmic scale. Species illustrations from Eaton et al. (2021) with permission.