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\author[1]{Kevin A. Ryan}%
\author[2]{Vanessa A Garayburu-Caruso}%
\author[3]{Byron C Crump}%
\author[3]{Ted Bambakidis}%
\author[4]{Peter A Raymond}%
\author[5]{Shaoda Liu}%
\author[2,6]{James C Stegen}%
\affil[1]{U.S. Geological Survey New York Water Science Center}%
\affil[2]{Pacific Northwest National Laboratory}%
\affil[3]{Oregon State University}%
\affil[4]{Yale University}%
\affil[5]{School of Environment, Beijing Normal University}%
\affil[6]{Washington State University}%


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  \date{May 18, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Quantifying the relative influence of factors and processes controlling
riverine ecosystem function is essential to predicting future conditions
under global change. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a fundamental
component of riverine ecosystems that fuels microbial food webs,
influences nutrient and light availability, and represents a significant
carbon flux globally. The heterogeneous nature of DOM molecular
composition and its propensity for interaction (i.e., functional
diversity) can characterize riverine ecosystem function across
spatiotemporal scales. To investigate fundamental drivers of DOM
diversity, we collected seasonal water samples from 42 nested locations
within five watersheds spanning multiple watershed sizes
(\textasciitilde{}5 to 30,000 km\textsuperscript{2}) across the United
States. Patterns in DOM molecular diversity and putative biochemical
transformations derived from high-resolution mass spectrometry were
assessed across gradients of explanatory variables associated with
watershed characteristics (e.g., watershed area, water residence time,
land cover). We found that putative biochemical transformations were
more strongly related to explanatory variables across watersheds than
common bulk DOM parameters and that watershed area, surface water
residence time and derived Damk\selectlanguage{ngerman}öhler numbers representing DOM reactivity
timescales were strong predictors of DOM diversity. The data also
indicate that catchment-specific land cover factors can significantly
influence DOM diversity in diverging directions. Overall, the results
highlight the importance of considering water residence time and land
cover when interpreting longitudinal patterns in DOM chemistry and the
continued challenge of identifying generalizable drivers that are
transferable across watershed and regional scales for application in
Earth system models. This work also introduces a Findable Accessible
Interoperable Reusable (FAIR) dataset (\textgreater{}300 samples) to the
community for future syntheses.%
\end{abstract}\selectlanguage{ngerman}%



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