Materials
In this study, six representative mangrove species in Hainan, China, were selected for control experiments, including A. marina (plant height: 25-26 cm), A. corniculatum (plant height: 20-23 cm),K. obovata (plant height: 25-27 cm), R. stylosa (plant height: 28-29 cm), C. tagal(plant height: 17-18 cm), and B. sexangula (plant height: 27-28 cm). The above seedlings were all one-year-old plants obtained from the nursery of the Dongzhaigang Mangrove Nature Reserve in Hainan Province, China.