Supporting Information
Table S1. Information of the three weedy rice population pairs collected from Leizhou, Guangdong Province in China
Table S2. Average temperature of the early and late rice-cultivation seasons at different growth stages from 2011 to 2020
Table S3. Average daylength of the early and late rice-cultivation seasons at different growth stages from 2006 to 2015
Table S4. Two-way ANOVA for weedy rice populations transplanted in the LATE rice-cultivation season
Table S5. Two-way ANOVA of the early-season weedy rice populations (WRE) transplanted in different rice-cultivation seasons
Table S6. Two-way ANOVA of the late-season weedy rice populations (WRL) transplanted in different rice-cultivation seasons
Table S7. Local adaptation (LA) estimation of the late-season weedy rice populations (WRL) in the late rice-cultivation season
Figure S1. Landscape of common garden experiment. (a ) Panicle morphology of WR in the rice field. (b ) Seedlings cultivation in the black boxes. (c ) Planting plot (6 x 6) in the planting field. (d ) Matured panicles were packed with mesh nylon bag in the common garden experiments.
Figure S2 . Average air- and soil-temperature during the seedling stage measured in the common garden experiments. White bars represent the EARLY rice-cultivation season (ES), and grey bars for the LATE rice-cultivation season (LS). Numbers on the top of bars are the average values of temperature. Significance estimations were based on student t-test (Blalock, 1972). ***, p <0.001. Error bar, standard deviation.
Figure S3. The flowering time patterns of weedy rice populations in the LATE rice-cultivation season. The flowering time is represented by the proportion of flowering individuals per day, here we show the flowering time patterns in population pair CDE/L (a ), HJE/L (b ) and DCE/L (c ), respectively. Flowering time variation curves of weedy rice populations belong to the same pair are plotted together to show the differences between the early- and late-season weedy rice populations. Grey curves represent the early-season weedy rice populations, and black curves for the late-season weedy rice populations.
Figure S4. Top-first leaf length and width of weedy rice populations at the different stages in the EARLY(-E) and LATE (-L) rice-cultivation seasons. (a, b, c ) Top-first leaf length in population pair CDE/L, HJE/L, and DCE/L. (d, e, f ) Top-first leaf width in population pair CDE/L, HJE/L, and DCE/L. Significance of differences was estimated using student t test (Blalock, 1972). *,p <0.05, **, p <0.01, ***,p <0.001.
Figure S5. Top-second leaf length and width of weedy rice populations at the different stages in the EARLY(-E) and LATE (-L) rice-cultivation seasons. (a, b, c ) Top-second leaf length in population pair CDE/L, HJE/L, and DCE/L. (d, e, f ) Top-second leaf width in population pair CDE/L, HJE/L, and DCE/L. Significance of differences was estimated using student t test (Blalock, 1972). *,p <0.05, **, p <0.01, ***,p <0.001.