Study Design
A retrospective, population-based, cohort study was conducted using the
National Cancer Institute’s Survival, Epidemiology, and End Results
Program (SEER) database. SEER collects population-based data on the
incidence, prevalence, and survival of various cancers in the United
States. It captures 28% of the US population, and is representative of
its geographic, racial and ethnic diversity. Ethics approval for this
study was waived by the Institutional Review Board.