Disease Study design Study sample Treatment schedule Primary findings Ref.
Psychotic Psychotic Psychotic Psychotic Psychotic Psychotic
Double-blind, placebo, controlled study Subjects with schizophrenia N = 28 CBD or placebo 300 mg, 600 mg/day No improvements on selective attention were observed with either dose of CBD (Hallak et al., 2010)
Randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel group, fixed-dose study Subjects with chronic schizophrenia N = 41 CBD or placebo 600 mg/day in addition to regular anti-psychotic treatment Patient augmented with CBD showed no improvement in positive, negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia (Boggs et al., 2018)
Double-blind, randomized, parallel-group, controlled study Subjects with schizophrenia and schizophreniform psychosis N = 42 CBD 800 mg/day or 800 mg Amisulpride/day CBD was as effective as the amisulpride in treating the symptoms of psychosis. CBD had no effect on negative symptoms (F. M. Leweke et al., 2012)
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel group study Subjects with schizophrenia N = 88 CBD or placebo 1000 mg/day in addition to regular anti-psychotic treatment, administered orally for 6 weeks. Patients augmented with CBD showed improvement in positive and no improvements in negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia (Philip McGuire et al., 2018)
Explorative, double-blind, active-controlled, randomized, parallel-groups trial Subjects with schizophrenia or schizophreniform psychosis N = 42 CBD 800 mg/day CBD improves neurocognitive functioning with comparable efficacy in younger and acutely ill schizophrenia patients (F. Markus Leweke et al., 2021)
Anxiety Anxiety Anxiety Anxiety Anxiety Anxiety
Randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled, cross-over study Subjects with SAD N = 10 CBD or placebo 400 mg Decreases in state anxiety in the CBD group (Crippa et al., 2011)
Double-blind, placebo-controlled study Healthy volunteers N = 10 CBD 300 mg or placebo CBD decreases anxiety after SPS test (A. W. Zuardi et al., 1993)
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial Never-treated patients with SAD N = 24, Health control N = 12 CBD 600 mg or placebo CBD reduces anxiety in SPS test (Bergamaschi et al., 2011)
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial Healthy subjects N = 60 CBD (100, 300 and 900 mg) Anxiety was reduced with CBD 300 mg, but not with CBD 100 and 900 mg, in the post-speech phase (Antonio W. Zuardi et al., 2017)
Randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled Healthy subjects N = 57 CBD (150, 300 and 600 mg) Pretreatment with 300 mg of CBD significantly reduced anxiety during the speech (I. M. Linares et al., 2019)
A large Retrospective case series Primary concerns of anxiety (n = 47) or poor sleep (n = 25), total 72 CBD 25-75 mg/day Symptoms of anxiety decreased (S. Shannon et al., 2019)
Epilepsy/ seizures Epilepsy/ seizures Epilepsy/ seizures Epilepsy/ seizures Epilepsy/ seizures Epilepsy/ seizures
Open-label interventional trial Subjects with severe intractable, childhood-onset treatment-resistant epilepsy N = 214 CBD from 2 to 50 mg/kg/day CBD might reduce seizure frequency and might have an adequate safety profile in children and young adults with highly treatment-resistant epilepsy (Devinsky et al., 2016)
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study Subjects with the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome N = 225 CBD from 10 mg to 20 mg/kg/day CBD resulted in reductions in frequency of drop seizures (Devinsky et al., 2018)
Double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Subjects with Dravet syndrome and medication resistant seizures N = 120
CBD up to 20 mg/kg/day
CBD reduced convulsive-seizure frequency
(Devinsky et al., 2017)
Randomized, placebo-controlled trial
Subjects with drug resistant seizures in tuberous sclerosis complex N = 225
CBD 25 mg/kg/day or 50 mg/kg/day
CBD significantly reduced TSC-associated seizures.
(Thiele et al., 2021)
Open-label, multiple-ascending dose, phase I/II study Subjects with treatment-resistant epilepsy N = 61 CBD from 5 mg/kg to 20 mg/kg The pharmacokinetics (PK) results were obtained. (Wheless et al., 2019)
Sleep/Insomnia Sleep/Insomnia Sleep/Insomnia Sleep/Insomnia Sleep/Insomnia Sleep/Insomnia
A large Retrospective case series Primary concerns of anxiety (n = 47) or poor sleep (n = 25), total 72 CBD 25-75 mg/day Sleep scores improved with the first month in 66.7% patients (S. Shannon et al., 2019)
Case report A ten-year-old girl with PTSD CBD 25 mg Steady improvement in the quality and quantity of sleep (Scott Shannon & Opila-Lehman, 2016)
Double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Healthy subjects N = 27 CBD 300 mg CBD does not seem to interfere with the sleep cycle of healthy volunteers. (I. M. P. Linares et al., 2018)
Blood pressure/vasorelaxant Blood pressure/vasorelaxant Blood pressure/vasorelaxant Blood pressure/vasorelaxant Blood pressure/vasorelaxant Blood pressure/vasorelaxant
Randomized crossover study Healthy subjects N = 9 CBD 600 mg CBD reduces resting BP and the BP increase to stress in humans (Jadoon et al., 2017)
Diabetes Diabetes Diabetes Diabetes Diabetes Diabetes
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group pilot study Subjects with non-insulin-treated type 2 diabetes N = 62 CBD 100 mg twice daily CBD decreased resistin and increased glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (Jadoon et al., 2016)
Pain relieves Pain relieves Pain relieves Pain relieves Pain relieves Pain relieves
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study Subjects with chronic, stable pain, poorly responsive to other modalities of control N = 34 Sublingual spray with2.5 mg of THC, 2.5 mg CBD, or 2.5 mg THC + 2.5 mg CBD or matching placebo. Extracts with THC proved most effective in symptom control (Notcutt et al., 2004)
Prospective, single-arm cohort study
Subjects between 30 to 65 years old with chronic pain who have been on opioids for at least 1 year. N = 131
CBD-rich soft gels, 15.7 mg CBD each. Two gels daily
CBD could significantly reduce opioid use and improve chronic pain and sleep quality of patients
(Capano et al., 2020)
Multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial Patinets with cancer pain experienced inadequate analgesia despite chronic opioid dosing N = 177 22-32 mg/day THC and 20-30 mg/day CBD. CBD combine with THC showed a statistically significantly reduction of pain NRS score (J. R. Johnson et al., 2010)
Cancer Cancer Cancer Cancer Cancer Cancer
Report of objective clinical responses
119 cancer patients
CBD 5 mg to 15 mg/day
Clinical responses were seen in 92% of the 119 cases
(Kenyon et al., 2018)
Pilot, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase II trial Subjects suffering from CINV N= 16 CBD 2.5 mg and THC 2.7 mg or placebo A higher proportion of patients in the cannabis group experienced a complete response (Duran et al., 2010)
Randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 2 crossover trial Subjects experienced CINV N = 78 CBD 2.5 mg and THC 2.5 mg or placebo THC:CBD was active and tolerable in preventing CINV (Grimison et al., 2020)