Abstract
Objective: To investigate the impacts of demographic,
hematological, and biochemical factors on the clinical course and the
prognostic outcome in adult COVID-19 patients.
Methods: This retrospective study was performed in the internal
medicine departments of 2 hospitals and data were extracted from the
medical files of 1700 adult COVID-19 patients (836 females, 49.2%; 864
males, 50.8%) with an average age of 48.23 ± 16.68 (range: 18-93).
Clinical data included baseline descriptives, prior medical history,
admission date, treatment, and hematological and biochemical blood test
results. The relationship between the survival, length of
hospitalization, hematological, and biochemical parameters was
investigated.
Results: Advanced age (p<0.001), presence of at least
1 comorbid disease (p=0.045), increased length of hospitalization
(p=0.006), elevated white blood cell (p=0.001) and neutrophil (p=0.002)
counts, increased serum levels of glucose (p=0.027), blood urea nitrogen
(p<0.001), AST (p=0.006), LDH (p<0.001), CRP
(p>0.001), and D-dimer (p=0.001). In contrast, diminution
of serum levels of albumin (p<0.001), ALT (p=0.028), calcium
(p=0.022), and platelet count (p=0.010) were associated with increased
mortality. There was a positive and weak relationship between serum
D-dimer levels and length of hospitalization.
Conclusion: Our data imply that identification and validation
of indicators that predict COVID-19 disease progression to improve
health outcomes are crucial. Age, comorbidities, immunological response,
radiographic abnormalities, laboratory markers, and signs of organ
dysfunction may all predict poor outcomes individually or collectively.
It is critical to identify characteristics that predict COVID-19
problems to guide clinical management, improve patient outcomes, and
allocation of limited resources.
Keywords: SARS-Cov-2,
COVID-19; severity; prognosis; outcome