Statistical analysis
Demographic characteristics between groups were assessed using a two-sided Fisher exact test or ANOVA for categorical and continuous variables, respectively. The primary outcome for this report was the presence of moderate-to-severe COVID-19 symptoms in each treatment group, with the secondary outcome being the incidence of any symptoms. Because of the potential for multiple confounders, we associated the presence of COVID-19-related symptoms with dupilumab treatment compared to other systemic treatments and with dupilumab treatment compared to limited/no treatments using multivariate logistic regression models. We adjusted for known or suspected COVID-19-related comorbidities (age, gender, race, hypertension, diabetes, body mass index [BMI], asthma, ACE-inhibitor usage). Using a similar approach, we also associated the presence of COVID-19-related symptoms with AD treatments by stratifying our cohort into a set of higher COVID-19-related risk patients with confirmed positive SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or COVID-19 serological tests, exposure to COVID-19-positive patients (diagnosed via PCR or serology) or to a person with COVID-19-related symptoms.