3.4 Inflammatory and oxidative markers
A-A-induced a significant increase in colonic NF-κB and TNF-α compared
with the control group as seen in figure 3A and figure 3B .
Furthermore, Liraglutide, Sitagliptin, Sulfasalazine, CLS and CSS
significantly reduced NF-κB and TNF-α levels as compared to A-A group.
However, CLS and CSS produced a more significant reduction of NF-κB
level, while CSS showed a more significant reduction of TNF-α level as
compared to A-A group.
As regards the oxidative stress marker, MDA level was significantly
increased in A-A group in comparison to the control group. Liraglutide,
Sitagliptin, CLS and CSS groups had significant lower levels as compared
to A-A group with the best results are observed in CLS and CSS groups
that showed no significant difference than the control group (Figure 3C
and Figure 3D).