Oxidative Stress Parameters:
A biochemical assay was used to detect, quantify the activity of biological molecules in the brain tissue samples homogenate (Figure-4).
  1. Acetylcholinesterase: Acetylcholinesterase activity was found to be significantly decreased in TBI (0.38x10-4±0.046x10-4) and EPLT (0.32x10-4±0.026x10-4) groups when compared to control (0.98x10-4±0.166x10-4) and sham (1.05x10-4±0.112x10-4) group. The treatment group include VPA alone (1.02x10-4±0.217x10-4) and in combination with FFA were (1.02x10-4±0.316x10-4) significantly increased the acetylcholinesterase activity as compared to injury groups. The FH & FFA groups were found significant i.e. (0.72x10-4±0.217x10-4) & (0.82x10-4±0.217x10-4) compared to disease groups.
  2. Catalase: Catalase enzyme activity was assayed by measuring the degradation rate of H2O2. The levels were measured in U/g and the catalase enzyme activity was found to be significantly increased in the injured brain i.e. TBI (0.261 ± 0.04) and EPLT (0.264 ± 0.05) groups as compared to Control (0.127 ± 0.02) and Sham (0.133 ± 0.03) group. The treatment group include FH (0.154 ± 0.05), FFA (0.125 ± 0.04), VPA (0.137 ± 0.05) and VFA (0.124 ± 0.02) significantly restored the level of Lipid peroxidation as compared to disease controls.
  3. Lipid peroxidase:Malondialdehyde (MDA, a by-product of LPO) helps in the measurement of free radical levels (nmols/g) which were significantly increased in the injured brain i.e. TBI (0.62 ± 0.2) and EPLT (0.66 ± 0.24) groups as compared to Control (0.76 ± 0.25) and Sham (0.71 ± 0.15) group. The treatment group includes FH (0.68 ± 0.18), FFA (0.72 ±0.27), VPA (0.78 ± 0.38), and VFA (0.73 ± 0.27) significantly restored the level of Lipid peroxidase as compared to disease controls.
  4. Superoxide dismutase:The levels were significantly increased in the injured brain i.e. TBI (1.24 ± 0.15) and EPLT (1.27 ± 0.13) groups when compared to Control (0.89 ± 0.18) and Sham (0.91 ± 0.17) group. The treatment group includes FH (1.00 ± 0.18), FFA (0.95 ± 0.12), VPA (0.97 ± 0.17) and VFA (00.98 ± 0.21) significantly restored the level of reduced glutathione as compared to disease controls.
  5. Reduced Glutathione Assay: The levels of reduced glutathione were found to be significantly decreased in the injured brain i.e. TBI (3.67 ± 1.5) and EPLT (3.32 ± 1.75) groups when compared to Control (12.5 ± 2) and Sham (12.3 ± 1.4) group. The treatment group includes FH (8.33 ± 1.4), FFA (8.83 ± 1.3), VPA (10.5 ± 2.26), and VFA (10.5 ± 1.6) significantly restored the level of reduced glutathione as compared to disease controls.