Study Search and Screening
To identify candidate studies we performed a systematic search of the Web of Science Core Collection using the following search string: predat* AND (parasit* OR pathogen*). This search identified 11,417 candidate studies. Abstracts were subsequently screened to determine if they met three strict inclusion criteria: they must have (i) involved an animal host/prey population, a predator population that kills and consumes the host/prey, and a parasite that infects the host/prey; (ii) observed multiple levels of predation pressure, and (iii) measured at least one relevant parasite outcome (e.g. intensity or prevalence). Based on abstract screening 256 studies were identified as potentially meeting these three criteria, 50 of which were confirmed following full-text screening (Supplementary Figure 1).