​Outcomes Intervention​ (45 FN episodes), No. (%) Control​ (45 FN episodes), No. (%) ​ P value
Overall appropriateness​
40 (88.9)​
23 (51.1)​
< 0.001​
Step 1 Empirical therapy​
44 (97.8)​
35 (77.8)​
0.007​
Appropriate Indication​
45 (100)​
45 (100)​
- ​
Appropriate coverage
45 (100)
41 (91.1)
0.041
Appropriate dosage regimen
44 (97.8)​
39 (88.7)​
0.049
Step 2 Documentation therapy
40 (88.9)b
29 (64.4)​
0.004 ​
Appropriate indication​
43 (95.6)​
41 (91.1)​
0.361 ​
Appropriate dosage regimen
44 (97.8)​
43 (93.3)​
0.242 ​
Appropriate duration​
41 (91.1) ​
34 (75.6) ​
​0.039
Length of stay (days) (median (IQR))
28 (19-42)
23 (16-35)
0.689
30-day infectious diseases related mortality
6 (13.6)
5 (11.1)
1.000
Total antibiotic duration (days) (median (IQR))
14 (10-23)
15 (10-21)
0.948
antibiotic duration in de-escalation
21 (14-28)
17.5 (15.5-29.5)
0.666
antibiotic duration in escalation
19 (13-34.5)
15 (11-25.5)
0.309