2. The exigency of COVID-19 vaccine
Since the outbreak of SARS-CoV2 infection, there has been a general mobilization of governments, organizations and research institutes to achieve effective treatment against the contagious disease. Existing drugs and treatment strategies save patients’ lives to some extent, but our main need is to achieve a successful drug that can be at least 95% operative against this pandemic. For setting up the arrant chaos, we have no choice unless to obtain an immunogenic, safe and cost-effective vaccine that covers a wide range of people all around the world as soon as possible. Bedsides, given the human history of dealing with infectious diseases such as mumps, measles, Spanish flu and SARS, general vaccination is the only way to get rid of COVID-19 pandemic and achieve herd immunity that subsequently reduce the economic, social and psychological pressures on human society. The implementation of effective vaccine strategies contains several aspects that should be carefully considered. Therefore, in the current paper, we intend to explain the immunological and non-immunological characteristics of COVID-19 vaccine design, review the available data from related preclinical and clinical trials and assess the advantages and disadvantages of pioneering COVID-19 vaccine platforms.
3. Immune arms against COVID-19