2.3.1Analysis of chemical and physical properties
The total carbohydrate, uronic acid, and protein contents were quantified by the phenol–sulfuric acid method (Dubois, Gilles, Hamilton, Rebers, & Smith, 1980), m-hydroxydiphenyl (Murado, Vázquez, Montemayor, Cabo, & del Pilar González, 2005), and Bradford method (Bradford, 1976) using glucose, glucuronic acid, and bovine serum albumin as standards, respectively.