Introduction
The genus Cylindrolobus Blume was first established in 1828. Lindley treated Cylindrolobus as a section of Eria Lindl. in 1859, this view was generally accepted by subsequent researchers until the rise of molecular biology. Recent studies of Podochileae showEria s.l. is polyphyletic that needs generic reorganization. Pridgeon et al. (2005) suggested that Cylindrolobus should be subsumed into Callostylis Blume but its taxonomic position was not supported in the later studies. Cylindrolobus was elevated to genus status in Flora of China (Chen et al. 2009). Ng et al. (2018) redefined the genus Eria s.l. by the phylogenetics analyses of Eriaand its related genera, Cylindrolobus extracted as a distinct genus characterized by abbreviated inflorescences with one to several flowers, usually with conspicuous bracts that are normally greater in number than the flowers. In this study, we followed the latest delimitation ofCylindrolobus, which contains 79 accepted species and distributes from south China to tropical Asia. (POWO 2023).
The Gaoligong Mountain is a biodiversity hotspot that links three global biodiversity hotspots including the Himalayas, Indo-Burma and Mountains of Southwest China (John et al. 2011). It is famous for its rich biodiversity, complex ecosystems, and high concentration of endemic taxa (Li and Li 2020). The Gaoligong Mountain harbors one of the highest orchid diversities in China. There are more than 360 species of orchids in 98 genera distributed in this region, of which 86 species are endemic (Jin et al. 2009, Li and Li 2020). From 2022 to 2023, we contacted field orchid surveys in southwest China and found a little-known species ofCylindrolobus in Gaoligong Mountain, northwest Yunnan. After careful morphological investigation, we concluded that this species is new to science. Besides, we collected its close species,C. arunachalensis in Xizang and added detailed morphological description.