Potential clinical relevance
The use of extracellular vesicles as liquid biopsies is emerging. We have used label-free quantification proteomic characterisation to establish that patients with single-episode VTE anticoagulated with Rivaroxaban compared with warfarin demonstrate altered circulating EV profiles with distinct proteomic signatures. The observed differences may indicate a pharmacologic reduction in the pro-thrombotic state in combination with more stable coagulation in Rivaroxaban-treated patients relative to warfarin. These results may be of translational relevance towards characterising the emerging anti-inflammatory and cardiovascular-protective characteristics associated with Rivaroxaban therapy relative to warfarin.