Depression, Anxiety and Stress (DASS-21)
In addition to investigating the general health of the learner, it is
also necessary to understand the emotional state of the learner and to
investigate the emotional state and stress of the learner. Borrowing the
Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) measurement tool, developed and
designed by Lovibond & Lovibond (1995), to investigate the impact of
the pandemic on the emotional state and stress of learners. DASS-21
involves 3 dimensions and contains 21 items. It has a wide range of
applications in the field of mental illness measurement. It is mainly
used to diagnose depression, anxiety, and stress. At present, DASS-21
has been translated into 42 versions of different countries. The
reliability and validity of the questionnaire are relatively high and
the reliability is high. The internal consistency is about 0.89~0.93
(Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995; Henry & Crawford, 2005 ), the internal
consistency in the study of Bibi, Lin, Zhang & Margraf (2020) is 0.70
to 0.90. In other language versions of DASS-21, such as the Latin
American version of DASS-21, the internal consistency is between 0.88
and 0.90 (González-Rivera, Pagán-Torres & Pérez-Torres, 2020), and in
the Hispanic version of DASS The internal consistency of -21 is 0.96 and
high construct validity (Daza, Novy, Stanley & Averill, 2002). It can
be seen that the DASS-21 scale has high reliability and validity, and
has been widely used and verified in a multicultural context. As a
result, the study used the DASS-21 scale to investigate the emotional
state of online learners during the pandemic and its interaction with
web-based learning tool evaluation, self-efficacy, mental health, and
family life quality, its reliability is 0.959.