Participants
Research participants were nationals of or identified their ancestral
origin as Asia, Cameroon, Canada, the Caribbean, Central Africa,
Democratic Republic of the Congo, Eritrea, Europe, Gabon, Ghana, Kenya,
Native American, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Uganda, United
Kingdom, and United States. Ethnic minority stratification was
identified as African, African American, African Caribbean ancestry;
mixed ethnicity as groupings of African, African American, African
Caribbean, Cuban, Puerto Rican, Mexican, South American, Central
American, Asian, and Native American ancestry; and other ethnic
populations as any combination of European or White, African, African
American, African Caribbean, Cuban, Puerto Rican, Mexican, South
American, Central American, Asian, and Native American. The composition
of participants were community members, patients, cancer survivors,
students, donors, disease diagnosed persons, health and medical
professionals, and health policymakers recruited from residential
exchanges, biobanks, health systems (i.e., hospitals, outpatient
clinics, transplantation centers, and academic medical centers), health
education conferences, churches, college campuses, assisted living
facilities and nursing homes, barber and nail salons, community-based
organizations (i.e., wellness, fitness, oncology, and breast cancer
support centers), health fairs, courthouses, professional associations
and societies, shelters, bus stops, neighborhood parks and associations,
sports venues, grocery stores, laundromats, rural townships and urban
communities, gas stations, check cashing venues. Sample sizes were
approximated: 9,408 AA subjects (comprising persons of African, African
American, and African Caribbean ancestry) were sampled as; 5,353 White
subjects (comprising persons of European ancestry) were sampled; 1,118
Hispanic subjects (comprising persons of Cuban, Puerto Rican, Mexican,
South American, Central American, or other Spanish ancestry) were
sampled; and 794 other ethnic populations (comprising persons of Asian
and Native American ancestry) were sampled. The mean age of research
participants ranged from 32.5 to 64.3 and for AAs, ranged from 33.4 to
55 years.