Participants
Research participants were nationals of or identified their ancestral origin as Asia, Cameroon, Canada, the Caribbean, Central Africa, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Eritrea, Europe, Gabon, Ghana, Kenya, Native American, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Uganda, United Kingdom, and United States. Ethnic minority stratification was identified as African, African American, African Caribbean ancestry; mixed ethnicity as groupings of African, African American, African Caribbean, Cuban, Puerto Rican, Mexican, South American, Central American, Asian, and Native American ancestry; and other ethnic populations as any combination of European or White, African, African American, African Caribbean, Cuban, Puerto Rican, Mexican, South American, Central American, Asian, and Native American. The composition of participants were community members, patients, cancer survivors, students, donors, disease diagnosed persons, health and medical professionals, and health policymakers recruited from residential exchanges, biobanks, health systems (i.e., hospitals, outpatient clinics, transplantation centers, and academic medical centers), health education conferences, churches, college campuses, assisted living facilities and nursing homes, barber and nail salons, community-based organizations (i.e., wellness, fitness, oncology, and breast cancer support centers), health fairs, courthouses, professional associations and societies, shelters, bus stops, neighborhood parks and associations, sports venues, grocery stores, laundromats, rural townships and urban communities, gas stations, check cashing venues. Sample sizes were approximated: 9,408 AA subjects (comprising persons of African, African American, and African Caribbean ancestry) were sampled as; 5,353 White subjects (comprising persons of European ancestry) were sampled; 1,118 Hispanic subjects (comprising persons of Cuban, Puerto Rican, Mexican, South American, Central American, or other Spanish ancestry) were sampled; and 794 other ethnic populations (comprising persons of Asian and Native American ancestry) were sampled. The mean age of research participants ranged from 32.5 to 64.3 and for AAs, ranged from 33.4 to 55 years.