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\begin{document}

\title{A High-Precision Sub-Grid Parameterization Scheme for Clear-Sky Direct
Solar Radiation in Complex Terrain in the Atmospheric Model}



\author[1]{Changyi Li}%
\author[2]{Wei Wu}%
\author[1]{Yanan Chen}%
\author[3]{Guili Feng}%
\author[2]{Xiaopei Wen}%
\affil[1]{Shandong Institute of Meteorological Science}%
\affil[2]{Shandong Institute of Meteorological Sciences}%
\affil[3]{Shandong Research Institute of Meteorology, Jinan 250031, China}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{May 27, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Research shows that complex terrain can affect the spatial distribution
of solar radiation and atmospheric physical processes. Based on the
high-resolution topographic data, there are already several
parameterization schemes available to couple the terrain effects on
solar radiation with atmospheric models. However, to reduce the amount
of calculation, some methods that can lead to errors are used in the
sub-grid parameterization schemes for clear-sky direct solar radiation
(SPS-CSDSR). In addition, the common finite difference slope algorithms
and the assumption of consistent sub-grid atmospheric transparency can
also result in errors. This renders existing SPS-CSDSRs unsuitable for
complex terrain in middle and high latitudes and in turbid weather. In
this study, these three problems have been effectively solved. The most
accurate geometric algorithms for direct solar radiation so far, a
high-precision and fast terrain occlusion algorithm and the triangulated
sub-grid algorithm, are proposed. On Taiwan Island, the accuracy of the
two methods is verified in the virtual vacuum atmosphere. Based on the
fact that atmospheric transparency actually increases with altitude, a
correction term based on sub-grid anomaly altitude is proposed for
converting the sub-grid terrain effect factors into the atmospheric
model. Overall improvements constitute a high-precision SPS-CSDSR in
complex terrain. Eleven reduced calculation methods and common finite
difference slope algorithms can no longer be used. In further study,
atmospheric models need improvement in coupling the terrain effects on
solar radiation to accurately describe vertical distributions. In this
case, the high-precision scheme proposed in this study can play a key
role.%
\end{abstract}%



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\textbf{Hosted file}

\verb`983286_0_art_file_11727470_s71bhd.docx`  available at \url{https://authorea.com/users/715235/articles/699694-a-high-precision-sub-grid-parameterization-scheme-for-clear-sky-direct-solar-radiation-in-complex-terrain-in-the-atmospheric-model}

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