The primary data related to precipitation, Discharge, and groundwater used in this research, are available in the data archive on the Iran Water Resources Management Company (IWRMC) website (http://www.wrm.ir/). Statistics related to the population and data related to the cultivated area were obtained from Iran Statistical Yearbook 1397 (2018–2019) (https://www.amar.org.ir/english/Iran-Statistical-Yearbook/Statistical-Yearbook-2018-2019). All of these data are freely accessible on a registered personal page.