Topographic survey

As for the morphological indicator, cross-sectional profiles of the two beaches, Ksar Sghir and Dalia, were carried out using the SinoGNSS T300 GNSS receiver. These profiles were then compared with the survey results conducted in 2013 by the Laboratory of Environment, Oceanology, and Natural Resources at Abdelmalek Essaâdi University. The aim was to analyze and evaluate any changes in the beach profiles over time, providing insights into the morphological dynamics of the beaches. 
The fundamental concept of topographic surveying of beach profiles lies in measuring the coordinates at each point where a topographical change in slope occurs. Profiles established at different dates are examined to illustrate and quantify morphological and volumetric changes. These distinct measurements are obtained through the implementation of a protocol involving several steps.
In preparation for our regular monitoring missions, we took certain steps to facilitate upcoming operations. This included positioning fixed markers along the cornice and identifying markers on the dunes in areas where no cornice was present. These markers were designated as starting points for each profile, while a reference point with known coordinates (X, Y, Z) was located for DGPS calibration.
The DGPS station was set up on the aforementioned reference point, ensuring its configuration and the flatness of the measurement surface.