Conclusion
In conclusion, in the present study we demonstrate that NSC-Exos reduces cerebral infarct volume and attenuates neurological impairment in MCAO model, likely by via TLR4/NF-κB pathway to switch microglia from the detrimental M1 phenotype to the protective M2 phenotype. Accordingly, we believe that NSC-Exos may provide a promising treatment for patients with acute ischemic stroke, and that the mechanisms underlying the regulate TLR4/NF-κB pathway in microglia polarization are worthy of further evaluation.