v. Acknowledgement
None
Vi Impact statement
Key Message:
Oral immunotherapy is a promising and safe option for patients with
cashew nut allergies, showing in our retrospective analysis a moderate
rate of side effects of 33% and good feasibility with no dropouts
because of taste aversion or adverse reactions.
Vii References
1. McWilliam V, Koplin J, Lodge C, Tang M, Dharmage S, Allen K. The
Prevalence of Tree Nut Allergy: A Systematic Review. Curr Allergy
Asthma Rep . 2015;15(9):54. doi:10.1007/s11882-015-0555-8
2. Mendes C, Costa J, Vicente AA, Oliveira MBPP, Mafra I. Cashew Nut
Allergy: Clinical Relevance and Allergen Characterisation. Clin
Rev Allergy Immunol . 2019;57(1):1-22. doi:10.1007/s12016-016-8580-5
3. Elizur A, Appel MY, Nachshon L, et al. NUT Co Reactivity - ACquiring
Knowledge for Elimination Recommendations (NUT CRACKER) study.Allergy . 2018;73(3):593-601. doi:10.1111/all.13353
4. Grabenhenrich LB, Dölle S, Moneret-Vautrin A, et al. Anaphylaxis in
children and adolescents: The European Anaphylaxis Registry. J
Allergy Clin Immunol . 2016;137(4):1128-1137.e1.
doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2015.11.015
5. Clark AT, Anagnostou K, Ewan PW. Cashew nut causes more severe
reactions than peanut: case-matched comparison in 141 children.Allergy . 2007;62(8):913-916. doi:10.1111/j.1398-9995.2007.01447.x
6. Sicherer SH, Muñoz-Furlong A, Godbold JH, Sampson HA. US prevalence
of self-reported peanut, tree nut, and sesame allergy: 11-year
follow-up. J Allergy Clin Immunol . 2010;125(6):1322-1326.
doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2010.03.029
7. Brough HA, Caubet JC, Mazon A, et al. Defining challenge-proven
coexistent nut and sesame seed allergy: A prospective multicenter
European study. J Allergy Clin Immunol . 2020;145(4):1231-1239.
doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2019.09.036
8. Dölle-Bierke S, Höfer V, Francuzik W, et al. Food-Induced
Anaphylaxis: Data From the European Anaphylaxis Registry. J
Allergy Clin Immunol Pract . Published online March
2023:S2213219823003124. doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2023.03.026
9. Fleischer DM, Conover-Walker MK, Matsui EC, Wood RA. The natural
history of tree nut allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol .
2005;116(5):1087-1093. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2005.09.002
10. Peters RL, Guarnieri I, Tang MLK, et al. The natural history of
peanut and egg allergy in children up to age 6 years in the HealthNuts
population-based longitudinal study. J Allergy Clin Immunol .
2022;150(3):657-665.e13. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2022.04.008
11. Baumert JL, Taylor SL, Koppelman SJ. Quantitative Assessment of the
Safety Benefits Associated with Increasing Clinical Peanut Thresholds
Through Immunotherapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract .
2018;6(2):457-465.e4. doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2017.05.006
12. The PALISADE Group of Clinical Investigators. AR101 Oral
Immunotherapy for Peanut Allergy. N Engl J Med .
2018;379(21):1991-2001. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1812856
13. Silva D, Rodríguez Del Río P, Jong NW, et al. Allergen immunotherapy
and/or biologicals for IgE‐mediated food allergy: A systematic review
and meta‐analysis. Allergy . 2022;77(6):1852-1862.
doi:10.1111/all.15211
14. Loke P, Hsiao KC, Lozinsky A, et al. Probiotic and Peanut OIT
Leads to Long-Lasting Sustained Unresponsiveness and Quality-of-Life
Improvement in Peanut-Allergic Children . Preprints; 2021.
doi:10.22541/au.162769428.85138587/v1
15. Jones SM, Kim EH, Nadeau KC, et al. Efficacy and safety of oral
immunotherapy in children aged 1–3 years with peanut allergy (the
Immune Tolerance Network IMPACT trial): a randomised placebo-controlled
study. The Lancet . 2022;399(10322):359-371.
doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02390-4
16. Pajno GB, Fernandez-Rivas M, Arasi S, et al. EAACI Guidelines on
allergen immunotherapy: IgE-mediated food allergy. Allergy .
2018;73(4):799-815. doi:10.1111/all.13319
17. Chu DK, Wood RA, French S, et al. Oral immunotherapy for peanut
allergy (PACE): a systematic review and meta-analysis of efficacy and
safety. The Lancet . 2019;393(10187):2222-2232.
doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30420-9
18. Elizur A, Appel MY, Nachshon L, et al. Cashew oral immunotherapy for
desensitizing cashew‐pistachio allergy (NUT CRACKER study).Allergy . 2022;77(6):1863-1872. doi:10.1111/all.15212
19. Erdle SC, Cook VE, Cameron SB, et al. Real-World Safety Analysis of
Preschool Tree Nut Oral Immunotherapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol
Pract . 2023;11(4):1177-1183. doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2023.01.031
20. Sampson HA, Gerth Van Wijk R, Bindslev-Jensen C, et al.
Standardizing double-blind, placebo-controlled oral food challenges:
American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology–European Academy of
Allergy and Clinical Immunology PRACTALL consensus report. J
Allergy Clin Immunol . 2012;130(6):1260-1274.
doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2012.10.017
21. Fernández‐Rivas M, Gómez García I, Gonzalo‐Fernández A, et al.
Development and validation of the food allergy severity score.Allergy . 2022;77(5):1545-1558. doi:10.1111/all.15165
22. R Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical
computing. Published online 2022. https://www.R-project.org
23. Nachshon L, Schwartz N, Levy MB, et al. Factors associated with home
epinephrine-treated reactions during peanut and tree-nut oral
immunotherapy. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol .
2023;130(3):340-346.e5. doi:10.1016/j.anai.2022.12.001
24. Guarnieri KM, Slack IF, Gadoury-Lévesque V, Eapen AA, Andorf S,
Lierl MB. Peanut oral immunotherapy in a pediatric allergy clinic:
Patient factors associated with clinical outcomes. Ann Allergy
Asthma Immunol . 2021;127(2):214-222.e4. doi:10.1016/j.anai.2021.04.003
25. Blackman AC, Staggers KA, Anagnostou A. Anaphylaxis during Peanut
Oral Immunotherapy: Looking beyond dose escalation. Pediatr
Allergy Immunol . 2022;33(12). doi:10.1111/pai.13888
26. Nachshon L, Schwartz N, Tsviban L, et al. Patient Characteristics
and Risk Factors for Home Epinephrine-Treated Reactions During Oral
Immunotherapy for Food Allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract .
2021;9(1):185-192.e3. doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2020.07.034
27. Virkud YV, Burks AW, Steele PH, et al. Novel baseline predictors of
adverse events during oral immunotherapy in children with peanut
allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol . 2017;139(3):882-888.e5.
doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2016.07.030
28. Jones SM, Pons L, Roberts JL, et al. Clinical efficacy and immune
regulation with peanut oral immunotherapy. J Allergy Clin
Immunol . 2009;124(2):292-300.e97. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2009.05.022
29. Barshow SM, Kulis MD, Burks AW, Kim EH. Mechanisms of oral
immunotherapy. Clin Exp Allergy . 2021;51(4):527-535.
doi:10.1111/cea.13824
30. Vickery BP, Scurlock AM, Kulis M, et al. Sustained unresponsiveness
to peanut in subjects who have completed peanut oral immunotherapy.J Allergy Clin Immunol . 2014;133(2):468-475.e6.
doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2013.11.007
Viii Tables
TABLE 1. Baseline patient characteristics