Methods:
Ethics Approval Statement :
This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board at Emory University.
Patient Selection :
We performed a retrospective analysis of patients referred for TLE of lead(s) across the TV from January 2014 to October 2021 at Emory Healthcare. TLE was defined as either removal of right ventricular (RV) lead(s) implanted for > 1 year or lead removal requiring specialized extraction equipment, per the 2017 Heart Rhythm Society consensus statement on CIED management.6 Patients included in this analysis were those with paired echocardiograms (either transthoracic or transesophageal) within 3 years prior to extraction and within 1 year after extraction. Patients were excluded if the severity of TR could not be adequately assessed on either echocardiogram, if additional interventions to treat TR were performed (i.e. surgical or percutaneous TV replacement or repair) or if mechanical circulatory support was utilized at any time between the baseline and follow-up echocardiograms.