Fig. 3. Effects of urbanisation on birds. (A)
Abundance, (B) species richness, and (C) Shannon diversity of birds at
nine urban and nine rural sites. The black boxplots illustrate the
median (bold black line), interquartile range (box margins), 1.5 ×
interquartile range (whiskers), and outliers (black data points), whilst
the mean ± SE are represented by the green diamond and whiskers.