Butterflies
The abundance of butterflies was greater at rural (2.43 ± 0.44; mean ± standard error) compared to urban sites (2.09 ± 0.31), but there was no significant difference between the two locations (Wilcoxon rank-sum test: W = 603.0, p = 0.92; Figure 2A). The species richness of butterflies was greater at urban (2.83 ± 0.44) compared to rural sites (1.94 ± 0.27), but there was no significant difference between locations (Wilcoxon rank-sum test: W = 71.5, p = 0.11; Figure 2B). The Shannon diversity of butterflies was also greater at urban (0.74 ± 0.15) compared to rural sites (0.45 ± 0.11), however the two locations did not differ significantly (Wilcoxon rank-sum test: W = 78.0, p = 0.20; Figure 2C). These results conclusively reject our first hypothesis.