Trends of ECVs

Our mean estimates of ECVs (Table S4 ) suggest that there is a high probability (0.99) that TMCFs face increases in surface temperature (average, minimum, and maximum), dewpoint, pressure, volumetric soil water content (VSWC), and potential evapotranspiration (PET) (Fig. 3 ). Among these, VSWC was the only one with a moderate increase at a rate of 0.6 ×10-4 m-3m3 year-1 (CI: 0.2 ×10-4 – 1.0 ×10-4m-3 m3 year-1). Interestingly, increases in average surface temperature (μ: 3.1 ×10-2 K year-1; CI: 3.0 – 3.2 ×10-2 K year-1) in conjunction with pressure (μ: 1.5 Pa year-1; CI: 1.5 – 1.6 Pa year-1) are likely to lead the observed increases in dewpoint (μ: 3.1 ×10-2 K year-1; CI: 2.9 ×10-2 – 3.2 ×10-2 K year-1). Moreover, mean estimates of precipitation have a modest probability (0.92) to decrease at a rate of -1.9 ×10-3 mm3 day-1year-1 (CI: -0.2 ×10-3 – 0.9 ×10-3 mm3 day-1year-1), while PET tends to increase at 0.3 mm3 month1 year-1(CI: -0.1 ×10-3 – 0.6 ×10-3mm3 month-1year-1) with an observed probability (0.95) of being higher than zero. Among biogeographic realms, increases in surface temperature (i.e., average, minimum, and maximum), dew point, pressure, and PET appeared to follow trends similar to those described above (Table 1 ). However, temperature, pressure, and PET increases seemed more severe in the Neotropical and Paleartic TMCFs than in other regions (excluding Oceania). Our results also indicate a high probability that Neotropical TMCFs face significant decreases in precipitation and VSWC at -1.1 ×10-3mm3 day-1 year-1(CI: -1.4 ×10-3 – 0.6 ×10-3mm3 day-1 year-1) and -1.4 ×10-4 m-3m3 year-1 (CI: -2.0 ×10-4 – -0.7 ×10-4m-3 m3 year-1), respectively. Conversely, the Indomalayan and Australasia TMCFs showed a high probability of increases in precipitation and VSWC, with the latter having the most significant gains. Paleartic TMCFs had a low probability of increasing or decreasing precipitation, and VSWC.