Particle Size and Zeta-Potential Analysis
Particle size distribution and zeta-potential measurements were conducted using a Laser particle size analyzer (Zetasizer 2000, Malvern Instruments, Worcestershire, UK). Prior to analysis, emulsions were diluted 20 times with deionized water. The measurements were performed at a constant temperature of 25 ℃, with a fixed detection angle of 90°. Each measurement was replicated using a minimum of three freshly prepared samples (Francisco et al., 2023).