M1 M1 M1 M2 M2 M2
Stimulation Secretion Markers Stimulation Secretion Markers
LPS[42, 45] IL-6[11, 31, 32] iNOS[42] TGF-β1[46] IL-10[11] CD163[33, 44, 47]
IFN-γ[34, 42] TNF-α[11, 31, 32] CD86[44] IL-4[37, 42, 44] IL-1β[48] CD206[33, 49]
IL-1β[32] CD68+CD80+[44] IL-13[42, 44] IL-17[33, 50] Arg-1[42]
CXCL9[32] MHC-II[51] CSF-1[52] CCL18[44]
CXCL10[32] MRC1[44]
NO[34] Arg-1[34]
IL-23[34]
IL-12[34, 35]
iNOS[53]
ROS[54]