Physiology and infection
The multiple status of infection of the individuals had a marginal effect on the antioxidant capacity of plasma (F2,37 = 2.62; p = 0.09), although the plotted data (Fig. 2) suggested that the infected single and multiple birds had very similar TAS values, which together were significantly lower than the non-infected bird values (difference between infected and non-infected individuals:estimate ± SE = 0.27 ± 0.12; F1,38 = 5.28;p = 0.03). We did not find any significant relationship between residual mass or infection status and haemoglobin, triglycerides, uric acid, plasma-MDA, RBC hormesis, or RBC oxidative stress (Supporting information).