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\begin{document}

\title{Quantification of nocturnal water use and its composition in a
Eucalyptus urophylla \selectlanguage{ngerman}×E. grandis plantation on the Leizhou Peninsula,
South China\selectlanguage{english}}



\author[1]{chao zhi wang}%
\author[2]{Apeng Du}%
\author[3]{Siru Liu}%
\author[2]{Yuxing Xu}%
\author[2]{Wankuan Zhu}%
\author[3]{Wenhua Xiang}%
\affil[1]{Chinese Academy of Forestry}%
\affil[2]{Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF)}%
\affil[3]{Central South University of Forestry and Technology}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{May 28, 2024}


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\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{abstract}
Nocturnal water use (Qnight) is an important component of the eucalyptus
water budget, but it has always been under-appreciated and poorly
understood. To improve the accuracy of water balance estimates and
understanding of the nocturnal water use process in eucalypts
plantations, we conducted a 3-year study to investigate the
characteristics of Qnight and its components in a Eucalyptus urophylla \selectlanguage{ngerman}×
E.grandis plantation in southern China. The results showed that the
Qnight of E.urophylla × E.grandis was substantial and its contribution
(Rnight) to daily water use (Qdaily) was on average 12.35\%, with higher
Rnight (14.97\%) in the dry season than in the wet season (9.50\%).
However, the Qnight was used not only for nocturnal transpiration (Tn),
but also for stem refilling (Re). Tn was influenced by a combination of
vapor pressure deficit (VPD), air temperature (Ta) and relative humidity
(RH), with VPD being the dominant driver. Based on this, combined with
the fact that Re was closely related to diurnal variations in diameter,
we have developed a novel method to distinguish Tn from Re. We found
that the compositional ratios of Tn and Re differed between weather
conditions and months. However, on a 3-year average, Qnight of
E.urophylla × E.grandis was still mainly used for Tn (58.63\%). Our
results highlight the non-ignorability of Qnight and the high
variability of the compositional ratios of Re and Tn, and suggest that
Qnight and its components should be accurately quantified and taken into
account when studying the water balance in eucalyptus stands.%
\end{abstract}\selectlanguage{ngerman}%



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