Single-Qubit Gates
Single-qubit gates act on a single qubit and include operations like rotations and flips. Some common single-qubit gates include:
There are many more other gates, but these are just some commonly used and powerful ones. Also, to clarify, a phase shift is essentially a transition that occurs at temperature zero, which causes a transition in attributes such as size, duration, and other factors. This is similar to a state change in the natural world, like evaporation or melting.