Majorana Fermions
In some topological quantum computing techniques, majorana fermions, which are exotic particles, could be employed as qubits. They have certain qualities that reduce their sensitivity to background noise. Majorana fermion implementation and manipulation is a current research area with potential implications in fault-tolerant quantum computing. These haven't been discovered concretely by scientists, however, high-energy facilities such as CERN have been concerned in this department and working towards these exotic and almost mysterious particles.
Hybrid Qubits
To capitalize on the advantages of each technology, hybrid qubits combine several qubit implementations. For instance, microwave photons or trapped ions can be connected with superconducting qubits to improve the stability and performance of the latter.
Each qubit implementation has its own benefits and drawbacks, and researchers are actively looking for solutions to problems with hardware control, scalability, error rates, and qubit coherence. The specific quantum computation workloads, the accessible technology, and the desired level of qubit stability and reliability all play a role in the selection of qubit implementation. Qubit implementations are a crucial area of innovation that will help to create useful and scalable quantum computers as quantum computing research advances.
Quantum Parallelism
Quantum parallelism is an incredibly fascinating and potent feature of quantum computing, especially on a larger scale. It refers to the innate capacity of quantum systems to concurrently explore and process a variety of alternatives or counters, potentially resulting in an exponential speedup in the resolution of some computational problems as compared to classical computers that we typically see in our everyday lives. The concepts of superposition and entanglement which we already went over in quantum physics give rise to quantum parallelism. Now let's examine quantum parallelism in more detail.
Quantum Operations on Superposition
Qubits in superposition states can be manipulated by quantum gates, enabling the creation of quantum circuits that work on several states at once. Qubits can simultaneously explore a variety of potential states thanks to quantum gates' ability to create, manipulate, and measure superposition states. Fig. 13 displays quantum gates working on several paths of qubits, down each path that it could take, and calculating accordingly.