Single-Qubit Gates
Single-qubit gates act on a single qubit and include operations like rotations and flips. Some common single-qubit gates include:
- Pauli-X Gate (NOT Gate): Flips the state of a qubit from |0⟩ to |1⟩ and vice versa.
- Pauli-Y Gate: Induces a phase shift between |0⟩ and |1⟩ states.
- Pauli-Z Gate: Adds a phase shift to the |1⟩ state.
- Hadamard Gate: Creates superposition by transforming |0⟩ to an equal superposition of |0⟩ and |1⟩.
There are many more other gates, but these are just some commonly used and powerful ones. Also, to clarify, a phase shift is essentially a transition that occurs at temperature zero, which causes a transition in attributes such as size, duration, and other factors. This is similar to a state change in the natural world, like evaporation or melting.