Quantum Gates for Error Correction
According to the measured symptoms, quantum error correction often entails performing particular quantum gates on the data qubits. These gates alter the quantum state to mitigate the repercussions of mistakes. Circuits for error correction are specifically created to carry out the required tasks while protecting the encoded quantum information. Similar to the quantum logic gates explained earlier, these error correction systems modify the logic gates to be tailored toward error correction needs.
Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computation
Enabling fault-tolerant quantum computation, in which quantum operations can be carried out dependably even in the face of faults, is the ultimate goal of quantum error correction. If certain physical qubits are defective or incur defects, a fault-tolerant quantum computer can nevertheless operate successfully. The threshold theorem is a key part of this computation, which states that a physical error rate below a certain threshold - between zero and one - can be utilized with error correction schemes to suppress the error rate to arbitrarily low levels. Standard fault-tolerance schemes use seven or more physical qubits, which encode logical qubits. These additional qubits are useful and sometimes required for error correction for various reasons, most being rather complex. 
Quantum Error-Correcting Codes
There have been several types of quantum error-correcting codes created, each with unique characteristics and powers. The surface code, the five-qubit stabilizer code, and the three-qubit bit-flip code are a few examples of well-known codes. The capacity of these scripts to identify and fix various kinds of mistakes varies.  QECCs are designed in a way where the most common errors move the state into a space orthogonal, or perpendicular to the original code space while preserving the original information in the state. The selection of error correction code will have an impact on all aspects of the quantum computing stack, including the physical arrangement of qubits and software-level gate compilation techniques. To clarify, a quantum computing stack is made up of layers of both software and hardware. This includes physical devices and systems which have different implementations of qubits.