Introduction

The state-of-the-art discipline of computing known as quantum computing uses the concepts of quantum physics to carry out specific sorts of computations far more quickly than with conventional computers. The behavior of particles at the tiniest scales, such as atoms and subatomic particles, is the subject of the branch of physics known as quantum mechanics. Quantum computers employ quantum bits, or qubits, which can represent both 0 and 1 simultaneously due to a phenomenon called superposition. This is in contrast to classical computers, which use bits to encode information as either 0 or 1.