Study Country Design Sample size Age at assessment Gestational age group classification Exclusion criteria Assessment tool Cut-off criteria DCD preterm prevalence n (%) DCD full-term prevalence n (%)
Bolk et al., 2018 [6]
Sweden
Cohort study
229-preterm 344-full-term
6.5 years
Extremely preterm
CP, cognitive impairment, visual or hearing impairment
MABC-2
≤5th percentile
85 (37.1)
19 (5.5)
Cameron et al., 2021 [33] Australia Cohort study 48-preterm 96-full-term 4 to 5 years Very preterm Congenital abnormalities, IQ<70 L-DCDQ Score below 68 for females and 67 for males 18 (38) 29 (30)
Caravale et al., 2019 [34] Italy Cohort study 608-preterm 362-full-term 9 years Extremely and very preterm CP, malformations, vision or hearing problems, cognitive disability DCDQ <15th percentile 185 (30.4) 59 (16.2)
Davis et al., 2007 [35] Australia Cohort study 210-preterm, 202-full-term 8 to 9 years Extremely preterm CP, IQ more than 2sds below the mean MABC ≤5th percentile 20 (9.5) 4 (2.0)
de Kieviet et al., 2013 [36] Netherlands Cohort study 58-preterm 64-full-term 7.5 years Very preterm Serious motor, hearing, or vision difficulties MABC <15th percentile 27 (46) 10 (16)
Deshmukh, Sahu, Deshpandec, 2021 [37]
India
Cross-sectional
88-preterm 628-full-term
5 to 10 years
Preterm
CP, muscular dystrophy, mental retardation, spinal fracture, visual, hearing and cognitive impairment
DCDQ 07
5-7years ≤46; 8-9years ≤54; 10-11years ≤56
26 (29.5)
145 (23.1)
Faebo Larsen et al., 2013 [38] Denmark Cohort study 143-preterm 29044-full-term 7 years Very preterm and moderate preterm Unclear DCDC 07 5-7years ≤46; 8-9years ≤55; 10-11years ≤57 104 (7.3) 798 (2.9)
Foulder-Hughes, Cooke, 2003 [39] England Cohort study 280-preterm 210-full-term 7 to 8 years Very preterm CP MABC ≤5th percentile 86 (30.7) 14 (6.7)
Goyen, Lui, 2009 [40] Australia Case-control 50-preterm; 50-full-term 8 years Extremely preterm and very preterm Full-scale IQ<84, neurological abnormality, visual or hearing impairment MABC <15th percentile 21 (42) 4 (8)
Lingam et al., 2009 [41] England Cohort study 367-preterm, 6614-full-term 7.5 years Preterm Visual, developmental, or neurologic conditions, IQ<70 MABC ≤15th percentile 27 (7.3) 302 (4.5)
Pierrat et al., 2021 [42] France Cohort study 2219-preterm 592-full-term 5.5 years Extremely, very and moderate preterm CP, sensory disability, IQ score less than 2 SD. MABC - 2 ≤5th percentile 194 (8.7) 32 (5.4)
Pritchard et al., 2014 [43] New Zealand Cohort study 105-preterm 107-full-term 4 years Very preterm Congenital anomalies, fetal alcohol syndrome DSM-4th Unclear 7 (6.6) 2 (1.8)
Roberts et al., 2011 [44] Australia Cohort study 132-preterm 154-full-term 8 years Extremely preterm CP or an intellectual impairment. MABC ≤5th percentile 21 (16) 8 (5)
Spittle et al., 2021 [45]
Australia
Cohort study
165-preterm 65-full-term
5, 7 and 13 years (3 time points)
Very preterm
CP, IQ<80
MABC and MABC-2
≤16th percentile
79 (47.9)
10 (15.3)
Tommiska et al., 2020 [46] Finland Cohort study, 60-preterm 30-full-term 11 years Extremely preterm Cognitive impairment, severe disability MABC ≤5th percentile 18 (30) 2 (7)
Yang et al., 2020 [47] China Case-control study 888-preterm 7698-full-term 3-6 years Preterm Unclear MABC-2 Score ≤71 and pediatrician to confirm DCD 78 (8.7) 493 (6.4)
Zhu, Olsen, Olesen, 2012 [48] Denmark Cohort study 943-preterm 21955-full-term 7 years Very and moderate preterm DID NOT exclude children with diseases like CP and mental retardation, DCDQ Score of ≤46 71 (7.5) 643 (2.9)