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\begin{document}

\title{Spatial and Temporal Variation of Mars South Polar Ice Composition from
Spectral Endmember Classification of CRISM Mapping Data}



\author[1]{Samuel Cartwright}%
\author[2]{Wendy M. Calvin}%
\author[3]{Frank Seelos}%
\author[4]{Kimberly D Seelos}%
\affil[1]{University of Colorado Boulder}%
\affil[2]{University of Nevada Reno}%
\affil[3]{JHU/APL}%
\affil[4]{JHU Applied Physics Laboratory}%


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  \date{May 24, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Multispectral mapping data from the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging
Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) provide a unique opportunity to
characterize south polar ice deposits at higher spectral sampling,
spatial resolution, or spatiotemporal coverage than previous work. This
new perspective can help to constrain the nature and distribution of
different mixtures of CO\textsubscript{2} ice, H\textsubscript{2}O ice,
and dust that influence the formation, evolution, and preservation of
Mars climate records. We processed 1103 CRISM observations spanning
southern summer of six Mars Years (MY) through a combination of
\emph{k}-means clustering and random forest classification. Using a set
of 12 spectral endmembers directly tied to previous work with
high-resolution CRISM targeted data, we made a series of temporally
restricted mosaics showing surface spectral variation over time. The
mosaics show the effects of the MY 28 dust storm on the removal of the
seasonal CO\textsubscript{2} ice cap that year and reveal how this
process differed from the years that followed. A mosaic showing residual
ice surfaces displays broad agreement with previous compositional maps
while resolving new details in the distribution of H\textsubscript{2}O
ice-rich material around the periphery of the bright CO\textsubscript{2}
ice cap. By showing how surface composition varies across a broad swath
of the south polar region though time, the endmember set and classified
mosaics produced in this work can provide critical context for future
studies of the dynamic processes that shape south polar ice deposits. {}%
\end{abstract}%



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