Statistical analysis
We pooled risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence interval (CI) to determine the treatment effect of Roxadustat on cardiac and renal disorders. All statistical analyses were performed using the Stata MP Software (version 14). In the statistical analysis of the effect of Roxadustat on cardiac and renal disorders, P < 0.05 was deemed as a significant statistical difference. Heterogeneity between trials was evaluated by employing Cochrane’s Q test and reported as I-squared (I2). Heterogeneity was categorized as low (I2 ≤ 40%), moderate (I2 ≤ 70%) or high (I2 > 70%). I2 ≤ 40% and p < 0.1 indicated that there was a lack of homogeneity among the trials, and the fixed-effects model was employed in the result analysis; otherwise, a random-effects model was used. The source of heterogeneity was explored by the following methods: (A) through sensitivity analysis, each trial was eliminated one by one to identify the trial that caused the heterogeneity. (B) subgroup analysis was conducted based on gender, age, country, and follow-up duration