Inclusion criteria and data extraction
The trials which met the following criteria were included in this
systematic review and meta-analysis:1) the trial population comprised of
CKD patients either receiving dialysis or not receiving dialysis, and
who had anemia (age>18 years);2) oral Roxadustat was used
as intervention 3) comprised of a control group which received either
placebo or ESA 4) included assessment of cardiac disorders and
kidney-related AEs as primary outcomes. Cardiac disorders mainly
consisted of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, ischemic
stroke as well as other cardiac diseases and major adverse
cardiovascular events. Renal-related AEs included worsening of CKD or
reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), ESKD or renal
failure or dialysis, acute kidney injury, or “renal disease”
“renal-related adverse event” which were reported in the trials.
Secondary outcomes comprised of the incidence of hypertension and
hyperkalemia. Finally, 17 trials met the inclusion criteria though
full-text screening, and were included in our systematic review and
meta-analysis.