\documentclass[10pt]{article}

\usepackage{fullpage}
\usepackage{setspace}
\usepackage{parskip}
\usepackage{titlesec}
\usepackage[section]{placeins}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{breakcites}
\usepackage{lineno}
\usepackage{hyphenat}





\PassOptionsToPackage{hyphens}{url}
\usepackage[colorlinks = true,
            linkcolor = blue,
            urlcolor  = blue,
            citecolor = blue,
            anchorcolor = blue]{hyperref}
\usepackage{etoolbox}
\makeatletter
\patchcmd\@combinedblfloats{\box\@outputbox}{\unvbox\@outputbox}{}{%
  \errmessage{\noexpand\@combinedblfloats could not be patched}%
}%
\makeatother


\usepackage{natbib}




\renewenvironment{abstract}
  {{\bfseries\noindent{\abstractname}\par\nobreak}\footnotesize}
  {\bigskip}

\titlespacing{\section}{0pt}{*3}{*1}
\titlespacing{\subsection}{0pt}{*2}{*0.5}
\titlespacing{\subsubsection}{0pt}{*1.5}{0pt}


\usepackage{authblk}


\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage[space]{grffile}
\usepackage{latexsym}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\usepackage{longtable}
\usepackage{tabulary}
\usepackage{booktabs,array,multirow}
\usepackage{amsfonts,amsmath,amssymb}
\providecommand\citet{\cite}
\providecommand\citep{\cite}
\providecommand\citealt{\cite}
% You can conditionalize code for latexml or normal latex using this.
\newif\iflatexml\latexmlfalse
\providecommand{\tightlist}{\setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}\setlength{\parskip}{0pt}}%

\AtBeginDocument{\DeclareGraphicsExtensions{.pdf,.PDF,.eps,.EPS,.png,.PNG,.tif,.TIF,.jpg,.JPG,.jpeg,.JPEG}}

\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[ngerman,english]{babel}



\usepackage{float}








\begin{document}

\title{Numerical Analysis of Waste-Based Thermal Energy Storage System for CSP
Plants}



\author[1]{Burcu Koçak}%
\author[1]{Halime PAKSOY}%
\affil[1]{Çukurova University}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{June 10, 2024}


\begingroup
\let\center\flushleft
\let\endcenter\endflushleft
\maketitle
\endgroup





\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{abstract}
Thermal energy storage (TES) is an enabling system that provides
uninterrupted energy from concentrated solar power (CSP) plants.
Packed-bed TES systems have great opportunity to significantly enhance
the cost-effectiveness, efficiency and sustainability of CSP plants by
employing an affordable and sustainable packing material. The objective
of this study is to design a packed bed TES system with a maximum
storage capacity of 40 kWh, specifically tailored to store heat within
the temperature range of 290 -- 565 \selectlanguage{ngerman}°C, thereby making it suitable for
integration into CSP plants. Performance and thermal behavior of
demolition waste-based packed-bed TES system was assessed through
numerical analysis. The results demonstrate that a high discharging
efficiency of 96.7\% was achieved when the HTF flow rate was set at 300
kgh \textsuperscript{-1}. However, it is important to note that at lower
HTF flow rates, heat loss increases, leading to a decrease in
discharging efficiency to 93.7\%. The experiment also revealed a uniform
thermal gradient within the packed-bed TES system, up to a fluid flow
rate of 300 kgh \textsuperscript{-1}. It is worth mentioning that lower
flow rates can further improve the stratification effect; however, they
may also result in increased heat loss and reduced storage capacity.
Based on these findings, an optimal flow rate range of 100-200 kgh
\textsuperscript{-1} is recommended to achieve the best performance for
the packed-bed TES system.%
\end{abstract}\selectlanguage{ngerman}%



\sloppy


\textbf{Hosted file}

\verb`Manuscript rev3.docx`  available at \url{https://authorea.com/users/644938/articles/657624-numerical-analysis-of-waste-based-thermal-energy-storage-system-for-csp-plants}\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{figure}[H]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.70\columnwidth]{figures/Figure-1-tiff/Figure-1-tiff}

\end{center}
\end{figure}\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{figure}[H]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.70\columnwidth]{figures/Figure-2/Figure-2}

\end{center}
\end{figure}\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{figure}[H]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.70\columnwidth]{figures/Figure-3/Figure-3}

\end{center}
\end{figure}\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{figure}[H]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.70\columnwidth]{figures/Figure-2a/Figure-2a}

\end{center}
\end{figure}\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{figure}[H]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.70\columnwidth]{figures/Figure-2c/Figure-2c}

\end{center}
\end{figure}\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{figure}[H]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.70\columnwidth]{figures/Figure-4/Figure-4}

\end{center}
\end{figure}\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{figure}[H]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.70\columnwidth]{figures/Figure-4a/Figure-4a}

\end{center}
\end{figure}\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{figure}[H]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.70\columnwidth]{figures/Figure-4b/Figure-4b}

\end{center}
\end{figure}

\textbf{Hosted file}

\verb`Figure5 rev1 (1).tiff`  available at \url{https://authorea.com/users/644938/articles/657624-numerical-analysis-of-waste-based-thermal-energy-storage-system-for-csp-plants}

\textbf{Hosted file}

\verb`Table 1.xlsx`  available at \url{https://authorea.com/users/644938/articles/657624-numerical-analysis-of-waste-based-thermal-energy-storage-system-for-csp-plants}

\textbf{Hosted file}

\verb`Table 2.xlsx`  available at \url{https://authorea.com/users/644938/articles/657624-numerical-analysis-of-waste-based-thermal-energy-storage-system-for-csp-plants}

\textbf{Hosted file}

\verb`Table 3.xlsx`  available at \url{https://authorea.com/users/644938/articles/657624-numerical-analysis-of-waste-based-thermal-energy-storage-system-for-csp-plants}

\selectlanguage{english}
\FloatBarrier
\end{document}

