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\begin{document}

\title{The evolution of chemodiversity - From verbal to quantitative models}



\author[1]{Frans Thon}%
\author[1]{Caroline Müller}%
\author[1]{Meike Wittmann}%
\affil[1]{Bielefeld University}%


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  \date{May 27, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Plants harbour a great chemodiversity, i.e., diversity of specialized
metabolites (SMs), at different scales. For instance, individuals can
produce a large number of SMs and populations can differ in their
metabolite composition. Given the ecological and economic importance of
plant chemodiversity, it is important to understand how it arises and is
maintained over evolutionary time. For other dimensions of biodiversity,
i.e., species diversity and genetic diversity, quantitative models play
an important role in addressing such questions. Here we provide a
synthesis of existing hypotheses and quantitative models, i.e.
mathematical models and computer simulations, for the evolution of plant
chemodiversity. We describe each model's ingredients, i.e., the
biological processes that shape chemodiversity, the scales it considers,
and whether it has been formalized as a quantitative model. Although we
identify several quantitative models, not all are dynamic and many
influential models have remained verbal. To fill these gaps, we identify
quantitative models used for genetic variation that may be adapted for
chemodiversity. We end by outlining our vision for the future of
chemodiversity modeling, presenting a flexible framework for the
creation of individual-based models that address different scales of
chemodiversity and combine different ingredients that bring this
chemodiversity about.%
\end{abstract}%



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