6. Future Accomplishments
In our study, we focused on utilizing the HYSPLIT modelling system with GDAS meteorological data, volcanic ash cloud composite, ash cloud trajectory frequency, and ash particle positions, which are discussed in Section 4 of the paper. Additionally, we generated event time seismograms using PyWEED, as shown in Figure 3.
Regarding seismic activity in the Czech Republic, there is potential for implementing a machine learning-based sensing system using optical fibres as seismic sensors. In the western part of the country, particularly in the Nový Kostel region, there is a history of frequent earthquakes with magnitudes below 4 occurring throughout the year. This presents an opportunity for deploying new fibre sensing methods in our country, as we have access to optical fibre lines that are commonly shared for research activities. Dedicated parts of the spectrum are being tested for various research transmissions, including sensing, QKD (Quantum Key Distribution), and Precise Time and Frequency transfers, leaving room for cost-efficient solutions for future research endeavours.
Collaboration with well-established and recognized volcano regions, which possess comprehensive sensing data, could provide valuable insights and more precise methods for volcanology. Optical fibre sensing methods offer the potential for acquiring essential data on gas content and composition in seismic activity regions worldwide.
The CESNET2 network in the Czech Republic already applies advanced applications for sensing in the Temelín nuclear power plant, specifically for containment stability measurements. This involves ultra-stable frequency transfers between the National Metrology Institution and the containment sensors. While the project primarily focuses on the stability of the containment itself, it also considers seismic events, including earthquakes.
To compare the situation during the eruption events of the HTHH submarine volcano, we examined seismic activity on the other side of the Earth, specifically in central Europe, where our locality is situated. Figure 9 demonstrates a seismograph recording an earthquake activity with a magnitude of 2.8 at 02:54:47 UTC on January 15th, 2022, near the Aschach area, northwest of Linz. This earthquake activity was also monitored for the safety of the nearby Temelín nuclear power plant. Although these seismic activities generally have ”low” magnitudes, they tend to be long-lasting and occur throughout the year. CESNET, as the Czech NREN (National Research and Education Network) provider, actively engages with advanced technologies to achieve more precise measurements and is open to further collaboration within the field.