Overall, adopting HYSPLIT for volcanic ash monitoring is a useful
technique for limiting the dangers posed by volcanic ash on flying
aircraft. It gives precise volcanic ash deposition projections and aids
in the differentiation of different types of eruptions.
3. Data, or a descriptive heading about data
HYSPLIT is a comprehensive system for simulating basic air parcel
trajectories as well as sophisticated transport, dispersion, chemical
transformation, and deposition scenarios. The HYSPLIT modelling system
has already been used to track and forecast the release of radioactive
material, wildfire smoke, windblown dust, pollutants from various
stationary and mobile emission sources, allergies, volcanic ash, and
simulation of atmospheric tracer release studies. The Air Resources
Laboratory of NOAA created HYSPLIT. Volcanic ash cloud transport during
the mid-week of the event has been simulated using HYSPLIT modelling
system.
In this work, the HYSPLIT dispersion model is used to forecast volcanic
ash movement and dispersion. To deliver information to VAACs, the
National Weather Service (NWS) runs the HYSPLIT model with a unit mass
release rate. The wind pattern above and around the volcano, on the
other hand, is a key source of mistake in estimating where airborne
volcanic ash will travel and settle. Scientists are employing satellite
retrievals to incorporate data into the HYSPLIT model to enhance
volcanic ash forecasts. Quantitative ash distribution projections may be
given by objectively and ideally calculating the volcanic ash dispersal.
MODIS satellite retrievals, for example, were used to assess the HYSPLIT
model’s performance in predicting the 2008 Kasatochi volcanic ash
clouds.
Meteorological data files are accessible from a variety of sources,
however the majority of them must be reformatted before they can be used
by HYSPLIT. Conversion applications in the HYSPLIT suite can be used to
convert user-generated meteorological data to HYSPLIT format. In
HYSPLIT, the Meteorology/Convert to ARL menu tab offers numerous choices
for converting meteorological data. This data can be in Gridded Binary
Format (only GRIB-1 is supported by the GUI), Network Common Data Form
(NetCDF), or proprietary binary formats, such as NCAR’s MM5.
HYSPLIT requires meteorological data at several heights and time periods
across the simulation’s lifetime on an equally spaced grid
(latitude-longitude or conformal projection). The convert to ARL option
in HYSPLIT may convert gridded meteorological data on a
latitude-longitude grid or one of three conformal projections to ARL
format.
The HYSPLIT User’s Handbook describes how to transform meteorological
data for usage with HYSPLIT in detail. The manual offers
context-sensitive assistance throughout the graphical user interface,
commonly asked problems, and a list of utility tools such as file
conversion and graphics creation. HYSPLIT is a full framework for
calculating complicated dispersion and deposition trajectories. HYSPLIT
requires meteorological data at several heights and time periods on an
equally spaced grid (latitude-longitude or conformal projection)
throughout the simulation. Meteorological data can be collected from a
variety of sources that have already been prepared for use by HYSPLIT,
or each user can convert their own data to the appropriate format.
NOAA provides source code and PC executable applications for converting
meteorological data from diverse forms to a common format that HYSPLIT
may use. NOAA also supplies UNIX converter programmes. The NOAA website
provides access to HYSPLIT particle trajectories and footprint data.
These data include footprints, which show locations where air parcels
have come into touch with the Earth’s surface within a specific
time-period, and particle trajectories, which reflect an air parcel’s
passage across space through time.
In brief, HYSPLIT requires meteorological data on an equally spaced grid
at several heights and time periods throughout the simulation.
Meteorological data can be collected from a variety of sources that have
already been prepared for use by HYSPLIT, or each user can convert their
own data to the appropriate format.
4. Results, or a descriptive heading about the results
This model is designed to calculate the transport and dispersion of
volcanic ash from the volcano peak to the column top. Within 0.1 degree
of longitude, height, and latitude, the model estimates the position of
computational particles. The accuracy of HYSPLIT output is based on the
initialization accuracy: the beginning location, size distribution, and
vertical profile of ash particles.
The HYSPLIT model performed interactively in this paper using the READY
website and partially via script. The interactive map compares
horizontal and vertical positioning, with colour denoting particle
height. ARL based satellite data on volcanic ash clouds helps to enhance
HYSPLIT volcanic ash forecasts. HYSPLIT simulation works for volcanic
ash dispersion modelling as following conditions: eruption input,
meteorological data input, ash particle distribution, ash cloud, reduced
ash, and model output. In this work, the Windows-based HYSPLIT modelling
system for volcanic- ash trajectories, ash particle deposition and ash
particle position which includes single or multiple (space or time)
simultaneous trajectories, optional grid of initial starting locations,
computations forward or backward in time and default vertical motion
using omega field. Ash particle position include motion options:
isentropic, isosigma, isobaric and isopycnic in which trajectory
ensemble using meteorological variations and the output of
meteorological variables along a trajectory and trajectory clustering
option for volcanic ash particle deposition.
Using HYSPLIT modelling system we get below results from the simulation
with Fig.7. which include figures i-v showing the volcanic ash particle
deposition from the multiple eruptions that happened on
14th January 2022 to 18th January
2022 at submarine volcano HTHH. Figures vi-x shows the volcanic ash
particle trajectories and figures xi-xv illustrates the ash particle
positions from the same series of multiple eruptions occurred at HTHH
submarine volcano.