Figure 1 Applications of redox thermal cells rely on thermogalvanic effect. Application of integrated module[75](Reproduced from ref. 75 with permission from John Wiley and Sons, copyright 2022), respiratory monitoring[19](reprinted with permission from ref. 19. Copyright 2022 American Chemical Society), health management[89](reprinted with permission from ref. 89. Copyright 2022 American Chemical Society), heat collection management[91](reproduced with permission from ref. 91. Copyright 2022, Royal Society of Chemistry), battery heat recovery device[32](reprinted with permission from ref. 32. Copyright 2020 American Chemical Society) etc.
Table 1 Comparison of different types of thermalcells