2.3.2. Integrated applications
The energy output of a single
small thermoelectric hydrogel is relatively small and may be
insufficient to meet real-life needs. To address this issue, integrated
modules came into view. Most of the integrated modules are typically
island-bridge structures with hundreds of small hydrogels connected in
series and encapsulated together. Once the integrated module is
successfully prepared, it not only enhances the energy output but also
improves the overall application of thermoelectric hydrogel. The
mechanical properties of the hydrogel can vary depending on the choice
of matrix and crosslinking agents used in its preparation. The use of an
integrated module unleashes the flexibility, strength, ductility, and
toughness of the thermoelectric hydrogel.