2.1 Source and processing of species occurrence data
The geographical occurrence data of T. chinense were obtained by three methods: (1) Field investigation. An extensive survey was conducted from May 2018 to July 2022. (2) Network database. The Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF, https://www.gbif.org), the Chinese Virtual Herbarium (CVH, http://www.cvh.ac.cn), and the National Specimen Information Infrastructure (NSII, http://www.nsii.org.cn) and the Teaching Specimen Resource sharing platform (http://mnh.scu.edu.cn) have collected geographic location information with precise latitude and longitude and time range from 2000 to the present. (3) Literature search. Through the above methods, a total of 271 geographic occurrence data were obtained. Used Google earth pro software (Google Earth USA) to reject geographical occurrence data of T. chinense in construction land, cultivated land, and waters. To further eliminate the spatial autocorrelation of occurrence data, the ”spThin” package was used to remove the occurrence data gathered within 10 km (Aiello‐Lammens et al., 2015). Finally, 174 occurrence data were retained for modeling (Figure 1).